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  • Article

    House Leader

    The Member of Parliament nominated by each party to serve as head strategist and tactician in the House of Commons is given the nonofficial title of House leader.

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  • Article

    House of Commons

    The House of Commons is the centre of political power in Canada. The prime minister and his or her Cabinet receive their authority through the confidence of the House. It is an institution steeped in tradition and history. In recent years, Question Period has been televised, opening the political process to Canadians. Much of what the public sees is the rancorous debate and partisan bickering among political parties. But the House of Commons is also where most government legislation is introduced, and where Members of Parliament (MPs) meet to debate policy, vote on key legislation, and hold the government to account.

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  • Macleans

    House of Lords Reform

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on November 22, 1999. Partner content is not updated. By the Queen's Robing Room inside the Palace of Westminster, there is a small, sedate chamber they call the Norman Porch. It is populated entirely with busts of past luminaries of the House of Lords, each of whom has served as British prime minister.

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  • Article

    House Sparrow

    The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is a small, granivorous and insectivorous songbird with conical bill and chunky body. Males have a grey crown, black bib, streaked-brown upperparts and greyish white underparts; females are grey-buff overall. The song is repetitive, metallic and unmusical. 

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  • Article

    Housing and Housing Policy

    Canadian housing takes many forms. More than half of Canadian homes are single-family detached houses; 17% are other ground-oriented forms such as row houses, duplexes, semi-detached or movable; 18% are lowrise apartments and 10% are highrise apartments.

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  • Article

    Housing Co-operatives

    Continuing housing co-operatives emerged during the 1960s as an innovative way to meeting housing needs and foster community development. Many Canadians, especially families with children, could no longer afford home ownership and faced difficulty finding good-quality rental housing.

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  • Article

    Housing Rights in Canada

    The right to housing is a subject of increasing concern and discussion in Canadian society. The debate regarding the scope and application of housing rights in Canadian law, and the extent to which Canadians may claim these rights as fundamental legal rights, has become even more contentious in recent decades. The growing awareness of housing rights has been brought on by several factors, including: the housing crisis, gentrification, the general lack of affordable housing and the rise of people experiencing homelessness and living in encampments in Canadian cities (see Homelessness in Canada). The development and ongoing implementation of a federal regulatory and policy framework, the National Housing Strategy Act (2019), has also contributed to discussion about housing as a human right.

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  • Article

    Hoverfly

    Hoverflies, also known as flower flies, are members of the family Syrphidae within the insect order Diptera (true flies). There are over 6,600 known species of hoverfly, including 539 recorded species in Canada. Hoverflies are found in every Canadian province and territory, including as far north as Ellesmere Island. Adults feed on nectar and pollen, making them important pollinators in a variety of habitats. Many hoverfly species are threatened by habitat destruction and the introduction of non-native species.

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  • Macleans

    HRT Conundrum

    Nicole Mitchell seems visibly relieved to have found someone to listen as she runs through her list of menopause symptoms.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on January 12, 1998

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  • Article

    Hudson's Bay Company (Plain-Language Summary)

    The Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) was founded in 1670. It is Canada’s oldest company. It started as a fur trading company. Much later, it got involved in retail. In 2025, the company applied for creditor protection and began to sell off inventory. At the time, the company owned and operated 80 Hudson’s Bay retail stores and the website TheBay.com. The company also operated 3 Saks Fifth Avenue and 13 Saks OFF 5TH stores in Canada. This article is a plain-language summary of the Hudson’s Bay Company. If you are interested in reading about this topic more in depth, please see our full-length entry, Hudson’s Bay Company.

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  • Article

    Hudson’s Bay Point Blanket

    The Hudson’s Bay Point Blanket is a wool blanket with a series of stripes and points (markers on cloth) first made for the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) in 1779. The most iconic design is that which is white with green, red, yellow and indigo stripes; these colours are now used as an emblem for the HBC. While the HBC was not the first to create the point blanket, the company did popularize it among Indigenous and settler communities in Canada. Today, the design from the blanket is used on a variety of clothing, accessories and household items sold by the HBC.

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  • Article

    Hudson's Bay Company

    The Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) was chartered on 2 May 1670. HBC was a fur trading business for most of its history, a past that is entwined with the colonization of British North America and the development of Canada (see Colonialism in Canada). Originally headquartered in London, England, HBC’s corporate headquarters moved to Toronto and New York. In March 2025, the company filed for creditor protection and began liquidating its stores. At the time, it was the oldest continually operating company in North America. It employed approximately 9,364 people and owned and operated 80 Hudson’s Bay retail stores and the website TheBay.com. Through a licensing agreement the company also operated 3 Saks Fifth Avenue and 13 Saks OFF 5TH stores in Canada. In June 2025, the Canadian Tire Corporation, Ltd. received court approval to purchase HBC’s intellectual property and brand assets. This article is a full-length entry about the Hudson’s Bay Company. For a plain-language summary, please see Hudson’s Bay Company (Plain-Language Summary).

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  • Article

    Hudson's Bay Record Society

    Hudson's Bay Record Society, est 1938 by the HUDSON'S BAY CO to publish selections from its extensive company records accumulated since 1670. Under an agreement with the CHAMPLAIN SOCIETY, 12 volumes appeared, 1938-49.

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  • Article

    Human Genome Project

    The Human Genome Project was an international research effort whose goals are to produce a map of the human genome (all the DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, in human chromosomes) and to determine the location and structure of the estimated 30,000 – 40,000 human genes. Through international collaboration, a map was completed in 2003. This information can help researchers understand health and disease.

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  • Article

    Human Geography and Canada

    Human geography studies the relationships between people and the environments in which they live. Within the field of human geography there are five main areas of study. These areas are economic geography, cultural geography, political geography, urban geography and environmental geography. In Canada, human geographers might study the status of Indigenous languages or differences between rural and urban Canadians, among many other topics. 

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