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  • Article

    City Beautiful Movement

    Some historians have noted that the City Beautiful Movement in Canada was hampered by the lack of an integrated philosophy and the absence of an articulate national spokesperson. However, the amateur side of the movement was lively and active on the local scene.

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  • Article

    City of Gold

    City of Gold (1957) is a classic example of the superb work by the National Film Board of Canada's (NFB) acclaimed Unit B Directors Wolf Koenig and Colin Low and editor and producer Tom Daly.

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  • Article

    City Politics

    The most obvious difference between city politics and federal or provincial politics in Canada is the absence of the major political parties.

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  • Article

    Civic Holiday

    The Civic Holiday is a holiday observed in most provinces and territories on the first Monday of August.

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  • Article

    Civil Code

    Civil Code is a fundamental legislative enactment which contains a compendious statement of a country's private law. It is typically found in legal systems whose traditions are traceable to Roman law. In Canada, only Quebec has a Civil Code.

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  • Article

    Civil Committal

    In the area of health care and health law, one of the basic legal rights which all Canadians have is the right to make decisions respecting their own health care.

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  • Article

    Civil Defence

    The development of nuclear weapons and the COLD WAR in the 1940s and 1950s forced Canadians to consider even more extensive measures.

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  • Article

    Civil Engineering

    Before the multiplication of engineering disciplines in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, engineers were either military or civilian. Civilian engineers built nonmilitary structures; those in the military concentrated on FORTIFICATIONS.

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  • Article

    Civil Law in Canada

    Civil law can refer to two distinct legal concepts. On the one hand, civil law refers to a form of litigation between two parties. These civil lawsuits stand in contrast to criminal proceedings. (For more on this topic, see Civil Procedure.) On the other hand, civil law also refers to an overarching system of law that evolved from the laws of Roman emperor Justinian. This system is in force in Quebec in the form of a Civil Code. In civil law, laws are codified through statue by legislators, rather than through court rulings by judges. As Canadian law professor John Fairlie has explained, “any modern civil code… is essentially an authoritative statement of rules regulating conduct in a particular society.” These codes must be comprehensive to be effective. If they are not, they leave de facto law-making power in the hands of judges. Hence, civil law contrasts with the British system of common law (used in the rest of Canada). In common law, laws are determined by judicial precedents.

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  • Article

    Civil Liberties

    Civil Liberties Civil liberties, generally, freedoms to do certain things without restraint from government, although there can be some restraint from private individuals or agencies eg, an individual may publish opinions without interference from government, but a newspaper or magazine is not obliged to publish them. In this respect civil liberties can be distinguished from civil rights. Constitutionally, the term civil rights appears in s92(13) of the Constitution Act of 1867 but, in this context,...

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  • Article

    Civil Procedure

    Civil procedure, the body of law concerning the prescribed methods of resolving disputes through litigation (see Civil Law). "Civil" distinguishes this body of law from criminal procedure, which concerns the methods of prosecuting criminal offences.

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  • Editorial

    Acadian Civil War

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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  • Article

    CJRT Orchestra

    CJRT Orchestra. Concert and broadcasting ensemble formed in Toronto in 1975 by Paul Robinson for the independent non-commercial educational radio station CJRT-FM (which receives 70 per cent of its funding from the Ontario government and 30 per cent from private donors).

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  • Article

    CKNX Barn Dance

    "CKNX Barn Dance." 'Canada's Largest Travelling Barn Dance,' a radio show heard Saturday nights 1937-63 on CKNX, Wingham, Ont. Patterned after the barn dances first heard on US radio in the 1920s (see Country music), the CKNX Barn Dance was the longest-lived show of its kind in Canada.

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  • Article

    Clam

    Clam, common name for any bivalve (hinged shell) mollusc, referring especially to those of economic significance burrowing in beaches or the seafloor.

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