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  • Article

    Canada and Weapons of Mass Destruction

    Canada has a long, complicated history with weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). Canadian soldiers have been attacked with chemical weapons and have used them offensively. (See Canada and Gas Warfare.) Canada has researched chemical, biological and nuclear weapons; but also, ways to defend against them. Some chemical weapons were tested in Canada and against Canadians with long-term consequences. Canada played a crucial role in the development of nuclear weapons. (See Canada and the Manhattan Project.) The country employed nuclear weapons primarily as defensive weapons during the Cold War. Canada signed international documents limiting the use of these weapons. Canada no longer has weapons of mass destruction. However, Canada is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and NORAD — alliances that employ nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/fe8757c3-dd58-4969-92f1-316d16aa4e6c.jpg Canada and Weapons of Mass Destruction

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    Canada at the 2020 Olympic Summer Games

    Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 Olympic Summer Games were the first Olympic Games to be postponed. They were held in Tokyo, Japan, from 23 July to 8 August 2021. Canada sent 371 athletes (225 women, 146 men) and finished 11th in the overall medal standings with 24 (seven gold, six silver, 11 bronze). It is the most Canada has ever won at a non-boycotted Olympic Summer Games. Of the 24 medals, 18 were won by Canadian women. The seven gold medals tied Canada’s record at a non-boycotted Olympic Summer Games. Highlights for Canada at the Tokyo Games included Penny Oleksiak becoming Canada’s most decorated Olympian; Andre De Grasse winning three medals, including gold in the men’s 200 m dash; the Canadian women’s soccer team winning gold for the first time in dramatic fashion; and gold medallist Damian Warner becoming only the fourth athlete in Olympic history to score more than 9,000 points in the decathlon.

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    https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Canada at the 2020 Olympic Summer Games

  • Article

    Canada at the 1924 Olympic Winter Games

    The first Olympic Winter Games were held in Chamonix, France, from 25 January to 5 February 1924. Canada sent 12 athletes (11 men, one woman) to the Games, and won the gold medal in ice hockey. The country finished ninth in the overall medal count.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/b2b68b6e-b57e-495d-8359-72adbb7e1c4a.jpg Canada at the 1924 Olympic Winter Games

  • Article

    Canada at the 1928 Olympic Winter Games

    The 1928 Olympic Winter Games were held in St. Moritz, Switzerland, from 11 to 19 February 1928. Canada sent 23 athletes (20 men, 3 women) to the Games, and won the gold medal in ice hockey. The country finished sixth in the overall medal count.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/41472c65-5c01-4196-9ed8-c09fba193b38.jpg Canada at the 1928 Olympic Winter Games

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    Canada at the 1932 Olympic Winter Games

    The 1932 Olympic Winter Games were held in Lake Placid, New York, from 4 to 15 February 1932. Canada sent 42 athletes (38 men, 4 women) to the Games and placed third in the overall medal count with seven medals (1 gold, 1 silver, 5 bronze). The Winnipeg Hockey Club won Canada’s fourth consecutive Olympic medal in ice hockey, while speed skaters Alexander Hurd, William Logan and Frank Stack became the first Canadian medallists in speed skating. Montgomery Wilson took bronze in the men’s figure skating competition, becoming the first Canadian to win an Olympic medal in the sport.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/a2b1adea-32a7-441d-ac0a-859314783f33.jpg Canada at the 1932 Olympic Winter Games

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    Canada at the 1936 Olympic Winter Games

    The 1936 Olympic Winter Games were held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, from 6 to 16 February 1936. Canada sent 29 athletes (22 men, 7 women) and placed ninth in the overall medal count with one silver medal. For the first time at the Olympic Winter Games, Canada did not win the gold medal in ice hockey. It was a controversial result, with the Port Arthur Bear Cats finishing second to a British team that included several Canadian players. The 1936 Olympic Winter Games were themselves contentious, given the anti-Semitic policies of German Chancellor Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party. Left-wing and Jewish groups in Canada and other countries proposed a boycott of the Games but were unsuccessful. 

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/4ff0cfe9-e171-4bc8-a416-af25c22ed47f.jpg Canada at the 1936 Olympic Winter Games

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    Canada at the 1948 Olympic Winter Games

    The 1948 Olympic Winter Games were held in St. Moritz, Switzerland, from 30 January to 8 February 1948. Canada sent 28 athletes (24 men, 4 women) and placed eighth in the overall medal count with two gold medals and one bronze medal. The RCAF team was victorious in the ice hockey tournament, while Barbara Ann Scottwon gold in women’s figure skating. It was the first time Canada had won more than one gold medal at the Winter Games, and the first gold medal in a sport other than hockey. Suzanne Morrow Francis and Wallace Diestelmeyer took bronze in pairs figure skating.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/f5cb5d73-b4a3-4a09-8459-abd349f2005d.jpg Canada at the 1948 Olympic Winter Games

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    Canada at the 1952 Olympic Winter Games

    The 1952 Olympic Winter Games were held in Oslo, Norway from 14 to 25 February 1952. Canada sent 39 athletes (31 men, 8 women) and tied with Italy for eighth in the overall medal count with one gold and one bronze medal. Speed skater Gordon Audley took bronze in the 500 m final and the Edmonton Mercurys won Canada’s fifth gold medal in ice hockey. The country would not win hockey gold again until 50 years later, when the women’s and men’s teams defeated the Americans at the 2002 Olympic Winter Games in Salt Lake City.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/bc441dc6-8e41-4977-9d47-c78be5a3f16c.jpg Canada at the 1952 Olympic Winter Games

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    Canada at the 1956 Olympic Winter Games

    The 1956 Olympic Winter Games were held in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, from 26 January to 5 February 1956. Canada sent 35 athletes (27 men, 8 women) and finished ninth in the overall medal count with one silver and two bronze medals. Figure skating pair Frances Dafoe and Norris Bowden took home silver, while Lucile Wheeler won Canada’s first medal in alpine skiing, finishing third in the women’s downhill race. In ice hockey, Canada took the bronze medal, defeated by both the Americans and the Soviets, who won gold in their debut at the Olympic Winter Games. 

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/d8f99765-3aaf-4c09-a5cf-523ea40db64e.jpg Canada at the 1956 Olympic Winter Games

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    Canada at the 1960 Olympic Winter Games

    The 1960 Olympic Winter Games were held in Squaw Valley, California, from 18 to 28 February 1960. Canada sent 44 athletes (34 men, 10 women) and finished eighth in the overall medal count with four medals (two gold, one silver and one bronze). Anne Heggtveit won gold in the slalom, becoming the first Canadian Olympic ski champion. Robert Paul and Barbara Wagner dominated the pairs figure skating competition in their second Winter Games, while Donald Jackson added a bronze medal in men’s figure skating. The Kitchener-Waterloo Dutchmen represented Canada in the Olympic hockey tournament and finished second to the Americans. It was the last time Canada was represented by a club team in Olympic hockey.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/b579e4e5-8565-4753-87eb-8058b220a52f.jpg Canada at the 1960 Olympic Winter Games

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    Canada at the 1986 FIFA World Cup

    In 1986, the Canadian men’s soccer team made its first appearance at the FIFA World Cup. Most of the team had professional playing experience, particularly in the North American Soccer League. At the World Cup, Canada faced France, Hungary and the Soviet Union and ended the tournament with three losses and without having scored a single goal. Despite this, the team’s appearance at the World Cup inspired the next generation of players.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/644c74e6-845a-4f22-896f-3f29ea5205fb.jpg Canada at the 1986 FIFA World Cup

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    Canada at 2022 FIFA World Cup

    The 2022 FIFA World Cup took place from 20 November to 18 December 2022. The 22nd edition of the World Cup was the first to be held in an Arab nation: Qatar. It was Canada’s first men’s World Cup appearance since 1986. Canada qualified for the 2022 World Cup by finishing first among CONCACAF qualifiers. Canada set numerous team and individual records throughout the qualifying campaign, most notably a CONCACAF record for the longest undefeated streak (17 games) in a qualifying campaign. Alphonso Davies scored Canada’s historic first-ever goal at a FIFA World Cup. Canada was eliminated in the first round after losing 1–0 to Belgium, 4–1 to Croatia and 2–1 to Morocco.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/Canada_national_football_team_WC2022.jpg Canada at 2022 FIFA World Cup

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    Canada at the 2022 Olympic Winter Games

    The 2022 Olympic Winter Games were held in Beijing, China, from 4–20 February 2022. Canada was represented by 215 athletes (109 men, 106 women). It was the largest group of female athletes to compete for Canada at an Olympic Winter Games. Canada finished fourth in the overall medal standings with 26 (four gold, eight silver, 14 bronze). Canada’s gold medals came in the sports of snowboarding, speed skating and women’s hockey. Canada won its first ever medals in ski jumping and men’s alpine combined. Notable records were set or tied by Charles Hamelin and Marie-Philip Poulin, who were Canada’s flag bearers at the opening ceremonies. Speed skaters Steven Dubois and Isabelle Weidemann each won three medals. Weidemann was Canada’s flag bearer at the closing ceremonies.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/Andriy_Mandziy_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics.jpg Canada at the 2022 Olympic Winter Games

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    Canada at 2023 FIBA World Cup

    The 2023 FIBA World Cup was held in the Philippines, Japan and Indonesia from 25 August to 10 September 2023. Canada qualified by finishing the FIBA AmeriCup 2022 tournament in fourth place. Point guard Shai Gilgeous-Alexander became the first Canadian to be named to a World Cup All-Tournament team. Dillon Brooks scored the most points ever by a Canadian in a single World Cup game (39) and was named the tournament’s Best Defensive Player. The team made history by winning bronze — Canada’s first medal in a men’s basketball event since joining FIBA in 1936. The team was named Team of the Year by the Canadian Press.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/1024px-2023-08-09_Deutschland_gegen_Kanada_Basketball-Landerspiel_by_Sandro_Halank-104.jpg Canada at 2023 FIBA World Cup

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    Canada at the 2024 Olympic Summer Games

    The 2024 Olympic Summer Games were held in Paris, France, from 26 July to 11 August 2024. Canada sent 315 athletes (122 men and 193 women) and finished 11th in the overall medal standings. Canada won a total of 27 medals (nine gold, seven silver and 11 bronze) — the most gold medals and total medals the country has won at a non-boycotted Olympic Summer Games. Canada’s biggest star of the Paris Olympics was swimmer Summer McIntosh. She won three gold medals (the most by a Canadian athlete at a single Olympics) and tied Penny Oleksiak’s record for most medals at a single Olympics with four. Other standouts included Christa Deguchi with Canada’s first gold medal in judo; Ethan Katzberg and Camryn Rogers with gold in the hammer throw; Katie Vincent with a world record in women’s canoeing; Andre De Grasse and the men’s 4x100 m relay team with a stunning upset victory; and Phil Wizard with the first (and perhaps only) Olympic gold medal in breaking.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/1024px-Olympic_rings_on_the_Eiffel_Tower_2024.jpg Canada at the 2024 Olympic Summer Games