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Article

Bill 21 (Plain-Language Summary)

In 2019, Quebec adopted a new law called Bill 21, also called the Act Respecting the Laicity of the State. Its goal was to make Quebec a place where the government is neutral in regard to religion. But not everyone agrees with this law. Some people say that this law is unfair to religious minorities such as the Jewish, Muslim, and Sikh communities. (This article is a plain-language summary. If you want to learn more about this subject, see our full article called Bill 21 (An Act Respecting the Laicity of the State).)
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Article

Bill 22

Bill 22, the Official Language Act, sponsored by the Québec Liberal government of Robert Bourassa and passed by the legislature July 1974. It made French the language of civic administration and services, and of the workplace.
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Article

Bill 63

Bill 63, (Nov 1969), required children receiving their education in English to acquire a working knowledge of French and required everything to be done so that immigrants acquired the knowledge of French upon arrival in Québec.
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Bill 86

In December 1988, Bill 178 was adopted by the Québec government after the Supreme Court found provisions of Bill 101, those regarding commercial signs and advertising, contrary to the guarantee of freedom of expression in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
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Article

Billiards

Billiard games have been played for several hundred years and have been popular in North America since the early 1800s. In Canada, snooker is the most popular of these games, with some pool and varieties of billiards also being played.
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Billion Dollar Gift

Billion Dollar Gift, the Canadian government's first comprehensive attempt to help finance Britain's war effort during the Second World War. Canada's war production, and its wartime prosperity, was dependent upon British orders, but Britain lacked gold and dollar reserves.
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Billy Bishop Goes to War

Billy Bishop Goes to War is a musical written by John MacLachlan Gray with Eric Peterson about the exploits of First World War flying ace William Avery "Billy" Bishop. Since its premiere in 1978, the musical has been staged across Canada and in the United States and Europe. It remains one of the most popular Canadian musicals.
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Article

Biochemistry

Biochemistry encompasses the study of the chemical nature of living material and of the chemical transformations that occur within it. Living things consist of many types of molecules (biomolecules) which, when isolated and examined, have no particular "living" characteristics, but behave in ordinary chemical ways. The properties of some of these molecules, especially large ones, are complex and subtle but are the result of the operation of chemical and physical laws. The special characteristics of living things arise from the ways in which these biomolecules are assembled within the cell and in the way they replicate. The methodology of biochemistry originated largely in physics, chemistry, immunology and genetics.
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Article

Biodiversity

Biodiversity is the variety of life (genetic, species and ecosystem levels) on Earth or some part of it. It includes all living forms, plants, animals and micro-organisms. It is the natural wealth of a region that provides resources and ecological services. But biological resources comprise only a small fraction of the biodiversity — biodiversity is all-encompassing.
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Article

Bioethics

The word bioethics is formed from the Greek word for life (bios) and the traditional word for the systematic study of right conduct (ethics).
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Biogeoclimatic Zone

For example, in British Columbia, the Coastal Western Hemlock Zone is one of 14 biogeoclimatic zones. It occupies high precipitation areas up to 1000 m elevation west of the coastal mountains from the Washington to Alaska borders and beyond.
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Biogeography

Biogeography studies all aspects of the adaptations of an organism to its environment, considering systematically the origins, migrations and associations of living things. Hence, it aims for a synthesis of data from nonbiological and biological disciplines: geology, physical geography, geomorphology, climatology and meteorology, on the one hand; biology, taxonomy, genetics and physiology, on the other. Biogeographical relationships cannot be understood except from an ecological perspective which tries to explain the exchanges between an organism and its environment.
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Biography

Biographies are of importance not only because they document careers and achievements but also because they bring to the public consciousness many composers and performers who otherwise would remain mere names attached to scores, recordings, and concert programs.
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Article

Biography in English

Biography in English is the written record of a person's life. Canada's search for an identity has been long, continuous, sometimes so fervent that it becomes notorious, at its best positive as an effort of understanding.
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Biography in French

Biography is the study of a life. It reveals a personality and an analysis of an individual's work in the context of the age in which it existed. Biography has always been popular in French Canada.
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