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  • Article

    Nova Scotia and Confederation

    Nova Scotia was one of the four founding provinces of Canada. It joined New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec in Confederation on 1 July 1867. However, this was mainly because Confederation delivered the Intercolonial Railway to the Maritimes, and because of the efforts of Sir Charles Tupper. His government passed approval for Confederation in the colonial legislature despite popular opposition. (See Confederation’s Opponents.) Confederation was met with mass protests in the colony. Joseph Howe led a two-year effort to repeal the union. (See Repeal Movement.) But Howe finally decided he could do more to help his province by working inside the federal government. He joined the federal Cabinet in 1869.

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  • Article

    Nova Scotia College of Art and Design University

    Founded in 1887 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, what has come to be called the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design University evolved, over its first century and more, from a conservative provincial art college focused on traditional landscape painting to one of the premier institutions in North America, well known for its promotion of conceptual art and the avant-garde. 

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  • Macleans

    Nova Scotia Government Falls

    For days, Nova Scotia Tory Leader John Hamm withstood the pressure.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on July 1, 1999

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  • Article

    Nova Scotia Nautical Institute

    The Nova Scotia Nautical Institute was an institute for seamanship training founded in 1872. It was common in England and Canada, which followed England in marine matters, to have people called "crammers" to assist mariners to pass their examinations, following apprenticeship on board ship.

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  • Article

    Nova Scotia Pharmaceutical Society Case

    In the Nova Scotia Pharmaceutical Society case (1992), the Supreme Court took into account the doctrine of vagueness.

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  • Article

    Nova Scotia Research Foundation Corporation

    The Nova Scotia Research Foundation Corporation (NSRFC) was a research organization established by the province as the Nova Scotia Research Foundation in 1946 in response to Henry M.

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  • Editorial

    Nova Scotia: The Cradle of Canadian Parliamentary Democracy

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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  • Article

    Nowruz

    Newroz (Kurdish: نەورۆز) or Nowruz (Persian: نوروز) means “new day.” It is a cultural festival which comes from Southwest Asia and Central Asia. Nowruz marks the start of the new year and the beginning of spring, usually on 20 or 21 March. The festival symbolizes renewal, rebirth and the strength of community. In Canada, members of Kurdish, Iranian, Baloch, Afghan and other diasporas continue to celebrate Nowruz. The celebrations include traditional food, music, dance and rituals such as bonfires and the Haft-Seen table. Over time, Nowruz has grown from a regional custom into an international event. It brings people together to enjoy cultural performances, community spirit and the joy of new beginnings. The United Nations recognizes Nowruz as the International Day of Nowruz. This highlights its importance as a celebration of peace, resilience and cultural heritage.

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  • Macleans

    NS Premier John Savage Resigns

    According to his friends and longtime political associates, there are two John Savages. The first is the private man, whom they describe as warm and compassionate, a doting grandfather, an affable golf companion.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on March 31, 1997

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  • Article

    Nuclear Energy

    Nuclear Energy is energy from the nucleus of an atom. In stars such as the sun, pairs of light atoms (mostly hydrogen) fuse together and release the radiation received on earth as solar energy.

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  • Article

    Nuclear Fusion

    Nuclear fusion is the combination of the nuclei of two light atoms to form a heavier one. The resulting atom has a smaller mass than the original ones; therefore, nuclear fusion is a method of transforming mass into energy. 

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  • Article

    Nuclear Power Plants

    Nuclear power plants have been used in Canada since the early 1960s to produce electricity commercially. In 2024, approximately 15% of the country’s electricity was procured by nuclear energy. The province of Ontario is home to three of Canada’s five plants, with the other two located in Quebec and New Brunswick, respectively. The Quebec plant (Gentilly-2 Nuclear Facility) ceased operations in December 2012. The full decommissioning process is scheduled to end in 2074.  

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  • Article

    Nuclear Research Establishments

    The research company of Atomic Energy of Canada LTD (AECL) operates 2 major nuclear energy research centres in Canada: Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories (CRNL), and Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment (WNRE). 

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  • Article

    Numbered Treaties

    The Numbered Treaties were a series of 11 treaties made between the Crown and First Nations from 1871 to 1921. The Numbered Treaties cover the area between the Lake of the Woods (northern Ontario, southern Manitoba) to the Rocky Mountains (northeastern British Columbia and interior Plains of Alberta) to the Beaufort Sea (north of Yukon and the Northwest Territories). The treaties provided the Crown with land for industrial development and white settlement. In exchange for their traditional territory, government negotiators made various promises to First Nations, both orally and in the written texts of the treaties. These include special rights to treaty lands and the distribution of cash payments, hunting and fishing tools, farming supplies, and the like. These terms of agreement are controversial and contested. To this day, the Numbered Treaties have ongoing legal and socio-economic impacts on Indigenous communities. (See also Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada.) (This is a full-length entry about the Numbered Treaties. For a plain-language summary, please see Numbered Treaties (Plain-Language Summary.) 

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  • Article

    Numbered Treaties (Plain-Language Summary)

    The Numbered Treaties are a series of 11 treaties. A treaty is an agreement between two or more nations. The Numbered Treaties were signed by the Canadian government and Indigenous people. All 11 treaties were signed between 1871 and 1921. The Numbered Treaties cover parts of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario. They also cover portions of Yukon and the Northwest Territories. The treaties provided the Canadian government with land. The government wanted land for industrial development and white settlement. In exchange, the government promised Indigenous people special rights and benefits. These treaty terms are controversial and contested. The Numbered Treaties have ongoing legal, social, and economic impacts on Indigenous communities. (See also Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada.) (This is a plain-language summary of the Numbered Treaties. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry, Numbered Treaties.)

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/4f1d71aa-8b25-417f-a88b-2a078f3b1768.jpg Numbered Treaties (Plain-Language Summary)