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Article

Lake Simcoe Treaty (No. 16)

The Lake Simcoe Treaty, or Treaty No. 16, of 1815 was signed between the British authorities in Upper Canada (later Ontario) and the Anishinaabe peoples. It concerned the purchase of about 100,000 hectares of land between Lake Simcoe and Lake Huron. Its purpose was to acquire territory to the north and south of that covered under the John Collins’ Purchase of 1785 and south of that acquired by Penetanguishene Treaty, Treaty No. 5, of 1798. This gave the British control of all the land between Lake Simcoe and Georgian Bay. The Lake Simcoe Treaty is one of many agreements made during the late 18th and early 19th centuries known as the Upper Canada Land Surrenders.
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Article

Lakehead University

Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ont, was founded in 1965. Its roots date back to 1946 when Lakehead Technical Institute was established. The name was changed to Lakehead College of Arts, Science and Technology in 1956, and in 1957 the city of Port Arthur donated the land for a new college campus.
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Article

Lakes in Canadian Music

With the exception of the Great Lakes which border Ontario on the south, Canada's lakes no longer play a significant role in the country's development; rather they serve recreation and tourism, provide hydro-power, and are valued for their natural beauty.
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Article

Lakes in Canada (Plain-Language Summary)

Lakes are bodies of water surrounded by land. Canada has about 2 million lakes, which is 14 per cent of the world’s lakes. Some of the best-known lakes in Canada are the Great Lakes: Lake Superior, Lake Ontario, Lake Huron and Lake Erie. Lake Superior, with a surface area of 82,100 km2, is also the largest lake in Canada. This article is a plain-language summary of lakes in Canada. If you are interested in reading about this topic more in depth, please see our full-length entry, Lakes in Canada.
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Macleans

Lamaze Drug Case

This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on October 2, 2000. Partner content is not updated. Eric Lamaze walks into his Toronto lawyer's boardroom looking suntanned and refreshed. Amidst the onslaught of probing questions on his drug use and expulsion from the Canadian Olympic equestrian team, the 32-year-old rider speaks calmly - even as he rocks nervously in a chair.
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Article

Lambeosaurus

Lambeosaurus is a genus of large, plant-eating, duckbilled dinosaur. There are three known species of Lambeosaurus, all found in southern Alberta: L. clavinitialis, L. lambei and L. magnicristatus. In 1913, fossil collector Charles H. Sternberg discovered the first Lambeosaurus fossils in the modern-day Dinosaur Provincial Park area. A year later, Canadian paleontologist Lawrence Lambe named the fossils Stephanosaurus marginatus. Fellow Canadian William Parks then renamed the species Lambeosaurus lambei in 1923 in honour of Lambe (see Dinosaurs Found in Canada).
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Article

Lampreys in Canada

Lampreys are a group of primitive vertebrates which, together with hagfish and various extinct forms, comprise the fish class Agnatha. Lampreys occur in both the northern and southern hemispheres. About 41 extant species are known, as well as fossil forms dating from the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian (353–300 million years ago) in the US. Twenty-three species are found in North America, of which 21 are indigenous. Eleven species occur in Canada.
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Article

Land

Land, in law, is an area of Earth's solid surface that is the property of an individual, group or state. Hence, the Canadian polity controls a total of 9,215,430 km2 of land and 755,180 km2 of freshwater, for a total territory of 9,970,610 km2, the second-largest national territory in the world after Russia.
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Article

Land Acknowledgment

Land acknowledgements, also known as territorial acknowledgements, are short statements that recognize both the land and the Indigenous people who lived — and in many situations continue to live — on the land prior to Canada’s colonial history. They offer a short story from the stand point of the Indigenous people who grew and evolved from the land. Since the 2015 release of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s final report, land acknowledgements have become ubiquitous. In Canada, they are now offered before events, are common place on institutional websites, and are often found in people’s public profiles, social media biographies, and email signatures. In line with their relative newness, land acknowledgements have been subject to much discussion and critique. However, Indigenous people are not asking for their demise. Rather, they are seeking to make them more personal, heartfelt, and historically accurate — namely, more meaningful. Some people are also suggesting that they provide greater practical value for Indigenous communities, for example, in the form of Canada meaningfully sharing the resources the land and water provide. More provocatively, some Indigenous people are advocating that Canada give them their land back.
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Article

Land Cession

A land cession is a transfer of land from one party to another through a deed of sale or surrender. Land cessions may also be referred to as land surrenders and land purchases. In Canada and the United States, Indigenous land cessions generally took place through negotiated treaties. There are cases, however, where Indigenous peoples claim that lands were taken unjustly. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 established the protocols for land cession in both Canada and the United States.
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Article

Indigenous Land Claims in Canada

Land claims seek to address wrongs made against Indigenous peoples, their rights and lands, by the federal and provincial or territorial governments. There are different types of land claims. Comprehensive claims (also known as modern treaties) deal with Indigenous rights, while specific claims concern the government’s outstanding obligations under historic treaties or the Indian Act. There are many ongoing comprehensive and specific claims negotiations in Canada.
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Article

Land God Gave to Cain

The Land God Gave to Cain, was Jacques CARTIER's description of the north shore of the Gulf of St Lawrence, which he first sighted in 1534. Cartier was presumably alluding to Genesis 4, in which Cain, having killed his brother, is condemned to till land that is barren.
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Article

Canada and the Movement to Ban Land Mines

In the mid-1990s, Canada became a global leader in the effort to eradicate land mines, which are explosive and deadly weapons. In December 1997, representatives from 122 countries assembled in Ottawa to sign the Mine Ban Treaty (or Ottawa Treaty), which came into force on 1 March 1999. With over 80 per cent of the countries in the world having signed the treaty, it is one of the most widely accepted. The Canadian government continues to support demining efforts globally by assisting in related United Nations operations, supporting organizations like the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and providing training, education and funding for mine clearing.
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Article

Landlord and Tenant Law

Landlord and tenant law, governed by provincial statutes and judge-made law, varies considerably from province to province. Essentially, a landlord and tenant relationship is contractual (see CONTRACT LAW).
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Article

Landscape Architecture

Landscape architecture is the profession concerned with the design, planning, management, and conservation of the built environment. Landscape architects use their creative abilities in the arts and sciences to design outdoor places and systems of open spaces that are useful, imaginative, enjoyable, and environmentally appropriate. Whether working for groups or individuals, landscape architects seek ideas that generate better environments for living. They are concerned about the land's potentials and constraints, the heritage significance of the cultural landscape, the restoration and expansion of ecological communities, the character and function of vegetation, and the efficient and beautiful use of materials.
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