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  • Macleans

    HRT Conundrum

    Nicole Mitchell seems visibly relieved to have found someone to listen as she runs through her list of menopause symptoms.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on January 12, 1998

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  • Article

    Hudson's Bay Company (Plain-Language Summary)

    The Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) was founded in 1670. It is Canada’s oldest company. It started as a fur trading company. Much later, it got involved in retail. In 2025, the company applied for creditor protection and began to sell off inventory. At the time, the company owned and operated 80 Hudson’s Bay retail stores and the website TheBay.com. The company also operated 3 Saks Fifth Avenue and 13 Saks OFF 5TH stores in Canada. This article is a plain-language summary of the Hudson’s Bay Company. If you are interested in reading about this topic more in depth, please see our full-length entry, Hudson’s Bay Company.

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  • Article

    Hudson’s Bay Point Blanket

    The Hudson’s Bay Point Blanket is a wool blanket with a series of stripes and points (markers on cloth) first made for the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) in 1779. The most iconic design is that which is white with green, red, yellow and indigo stripes; these colours are now used as an emblem for the HBC. While the HBC was not the first to create the point blanket, the company did popularize it among Indigenous and settler communities in Canada. Today, the design from the blanket is used on a variety of clothing, accessories and household items sold by the HBC.

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  • Article

    Hudson's Bay Company

    The Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) was chartered on 2 May 1670 (see Royal Charter for Incorporating the Hudson’s Bay Company). HBC was a fur trading business for most of its history, a past that is entwined with the colonization of British North America and the development of Canada (see Colonialism in Canada). Originally headquartered in London, England, HBC’s corporate headquarters moved to Toronto and New York. In March 2025, the company filed for creditor protection and began liquidating its stores. At the time, it was the oldest continually operating company in North America. It employed approximately 9,364 people and owned and operated 80 Hudson’s Bay retail stores and the website TheBay.com. Through a licensing agreement the company also operated 3 Saks Fifth Avenue and 13 Saks OFF 5TH stores in Canada. In June 2025, the Canadian Tire Corporation, Ltd. received court approval to purchase HBC’s intellectual property and brand assets. This article is a full-length entry about the Hudson’s Bay Company. For a plain-language summary, please see Hudson’s Bay Company (Plain-Language Summary).

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  • Article

    Hudson's Bay Record Society

    Hudson's Bay Record Society, est 1938 by the HUDSON'S BAY CO to publish selections from its extensive company records accumulated since 1670. Under an agreement with the CHAMPLAIN SOCIETY, 12 volumes appeared, 1938-49.

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  • Article

    Human Genome Project

    The Human Genome Project was an international research effort whose goals are to produce a map of the human genome (all the DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, in human chromosomes) and to determine the location and structure of the estimated 30,000 – 40,000 human genes. Through international collaboration, a map was completed in 2003. This information can help researchers understand health and disease.

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  • Article

    Human Geography and Canada

    Human geography studies the relationships between people and the environments in which they live. Within the field of human geography there are five main areas of study. These areas are economic geography, cultural geography, political geography, urban geography and environmental geography. In Canada, human geographers might study the status of Indigenous languages or differences between rural and urban Canadians, among many other topics. 

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  • Article

    Human Resource Management

    Workplace problems are constantly changing, as is the workplace itself, and change is perhaps faster today than ever before. Thus employer-employee relationships, whether individual or collective, are in perpetual evolution.

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  • Article

    Human Rights

    Human rights are rights that we all have by virtue of our shared humanity. Depending on the nature of the right, both individuals and groups can assert human rights. Human rights as we understand them today are a relatively modern concept. All human rights are indivisible, interrelated and interdependent. None has automatic precedence over any other. The realization of human rights is a constant struggle on the part of people who suffer injustices and who seek redress. Human rights are an important part of the social fabric of Canadian society. Canadians have also played a role in the evolution of human rights on the international stage.

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  • Article

    Human Settlement in Canada

    A human settlement is a place where people live. Settlement patterns describe the ways in which villages, towns, cities and First Nation reserves are distributed, as well as the factors that influence this arrangement. Throughout Canadian history, climate, natural resources, transportation methods and government policy have affected human settlement in the country. Today, the majority of Canadians live in cities in the southern portion of the country. (See also Human Geography and Canada.) 

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  • Macleans

    Human Smugglers

    "Eightball" pulls back his long black hair, adjusts his balaclava and peers across the St. Lawrence River through his night-vision binoculars.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on November 22, 1999

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  • Macleans

    Human Smuggling

    The glare of a lightbulb dangling from the ceiling of his decrepit basement room casts a harsh light on the young illegal's life. A beetle scurries from under a mattress on the floor beneath a grimy window.

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  • Article

    Humane Societies

    Humane societies are societies for the prevention of cruelty to animals (SPCA). Following a long struggle by Richard Martin, British landowner and parliamentarian, and others to secure legislation against cruelty to children and livestock, the first SPCA was begun in England in 1824.

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  • Article

    Humboldt Broncos Bus Crash

    One of Canada’s most high-profile highway tragedies occurred on 6 April 2018, when a bus carrying 28 members of the Humboldt Broncos junior hockey team collided with a transport truck at a highway intersection near Tisdale, Saskatchewan. The crash killed 16 team members: 10 players and 6 staff. It also led to new truck-driver training and licensing regulations and increased awareness about the availability and use of seat belts among bus passengers.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/single_use_images/20202768_lg.jpg Humboldt Broncos Bus Crash

  • Article

    Humidity and Humidex

    Humidity is related to the amount of moisture or water vapour in the air. Although invisible, water vapour is always present in the atmosphere. Its concentration varies from almost zero to a maximum of about 4 per cent by volume. 

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