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Macleans

Global Warming Crisis

This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on February 21, 2000. Partner content is not updated. Across the Arctic, the ominous signs are everywhere. With average temperatures in some parts of the Canadian North rising at the rate of about 1° C each decade, glaciers are in retreat. Scientists report a dramatic thinning of the Polar ice cap.
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Article

Globalization

Globalization is the process of integration, interaction and interdependence of people and countries around the world. Although Canada, like most industrialized nations, is more interconnected globally than ever before, its economy remains overwhelmingly tied to the United States. (See also International Trade.)
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Article

Globe and Mail

The Globe and Mail is a daily newspaper. It was founded in Toronto in 1936 when two influential and historically important dailies, The Globe and The Mail and Empire were merged. (See also Newspapers in Canada: 1800s-1900s.) As of 2026, the Globe and Mail’s website claims that its digital and print editions reach a combined audience of 6 million readers per week.
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Article

Gluskin Sheff + Associates

Gluskin Sheff + Associates (GSA) is a small, personalized investment management firm overseeing investment portfolios of $3 million or more. Its clientele includes "high net worth" individual and institutional (eg, pension funds, charities) investors from North America and beyond.
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Article

Goaltender Masks

The first goaltender to wear a mask in an organized ice hockey game was Ev Hardman of Calgary in 1899. The first National Hockey League (NHL) goalie to wear a mask was Clint Benedict in 1930. The first to wear one full-time was Jacques Plante of the Montreal Canadiens beginning in 1959. The construction and design of goalie masks gradually improved to include a caged section over the eyes and nose. This hybrid-style fibreglass mask was adapted for use in baseball by Toronto Blue Jays catcher Charlie O’Brien in 1996. However, concerns have arisen over the safety of goalie masks and goalie-style catcher masks, particularly their ability to protect against concussions.
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Goat Farming

Goats (family Bovidae, genus Capra) areruminant mammals with backwardly arching hollow horns, short tail and usually straight hair; they are related to SHEEP but are of slighter build.
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Godbout Case

In the Godbout case (1997), the Supreme Court of Canada unanimously decided that the obligation imposed on all its permanent employees by the city of Longueuil (near Montréal) that they live in the city was unconstitutional.
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Gold

Gold (Au) is a bright, shiny, yellow metal, notable for its high density (19.3 times the weight of an equal volume of water) and valued for its extreme ductility, strong resistance to corrosion, lustrous beauty and scarcity. Pyrite, or fool's gold as it is sometimes known, can be distinguished from real gold by its brittleness and hardness as well as the fact that it appears black in powder form. As it is the least chemically active of all metals, gold usually occurs in a free or uncombined state. It is found as nuggets, flakes or dust in gravel and sand deposits along creeks and rivers, but more often gold is recovered from veins (called lodes) in bedrock. Gold is also produced as a by-product of base-metal mines; about one-fifth of Canada's gold production comes from this source. Gold is the mineral emblem of the Northwest Territories.
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Article

Ned McGowan, Hill's Bar and the Fraser River Gold Rush

For one brief historical moment in 1858, the most important spot in British Columbia was a gravel bed in the Fraser River about two kilometres south of Yale. It was only 45 metres long when the river was low (and invisible when the water rose). It was called Hill's Bar.
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Editorial

The Fraser River Gold Rush and the Founding of British Columbia

The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. The year 1858 is the single most important year in British Columbia’s history. It was on 2 August of that year that an imperial act established the mainland colony of BC under the authority of Governor James Douglas. Beginning that spring, the Fraser River Gold Rush unleashed a chain of events that culminated a dozen years later in British Columbia joining the new Canadian Confederation (see British Columbia and Confederation). Without 1858, it is very possible there would have been no British Columbia, but rather an American state. Without 1858, Canada today might not extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
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Article

Gold Rushes in Canada

Gold rushes occurred in the mid- to late-19th century, primarily along North America’s West Coast from California to Alaska. In Canada, key events included the Fraser River, Cariboo and Klondike gold rushes, as well as the Fraser Canyon War and the founding of British Columbia as a colony in 1858. The worldwide production of gold tripled between 1848 and 1898, though this had relatively little impact on the Canadian economy. The gold rushes opened large territories to permanent resource exploitation and settlement by White people. They also resulted in the displacement and marginalization of many of the Indigenous communities in the region (see also Northwest Coast Indigenous Peoples; Central Coast Salish).
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Article

Gold Standard

The gold standard is a monetary system in which the value of the currency unit (the Canadian dollar, for example) is defined in relation to the value of gold.
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Golden Screen Awards

The Cineplex Golden Screen Award for Feature Film (formerly the Golden Reel Award) recognizes the producer(s) of the Canadian feature film that achieved the highest box-office gross in Canada in the previous calendar year. In 2015, the Golden Screen Award for TV Drama/Comedy and the Golden Screen Award for TV Reality Show were introduced to recognize the highest-rated Canadian television programs. The winners are presented at the annual Canadian Screen Awards.
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Article

Goldenrod

Goldenrod, genus Solidago, showy, perennial, herbaceous plant of the Compositae or Asteraceae family.
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Goldeye

The goldeye (Hiodon alosoides) [Lat alosoides, "shadlike"] is a relatively small, opportunistic foraging freshwater fish of the family Hiodontidae (order Osteoglossiformes). The mooneye (H. tergisus), the only other species in the family, is often confused with goldeye. They can be distinguished by the position of the dorsal fin, which is behind or equal to the anal fin on goldeye, and eye colour, which fittingly is gold coloured in goldeye.
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