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  • Editorial

    The Stories Behind Canada's Fringe Festivals

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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    https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 The Stories Behind Canada's Fringe Festivals

  • Article

    Fringe Theatre Festivals

    Fringe Theatre Festivals In Canada, a fringe festival is a low-capital production model that accommodates small independent theatre artists. The theatre performed at such festivals is usually small, inexpensive and often produced in bars, galleries, storefronts and other makeshift spaces conscripted by festival organizers. Considered as a genre, contemporary fringe theatre can be satirical, subversive, experimental, radical and/or concerned with expressing a particular voice: feminist, gay, black, poor and others. Fringe festivals provide venues and...

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  • Article

    Frog Species in Canada

    Frogs are amphibians belonging to the order Anura. Worldwide, frogs are the most numerous group of amphibians, with more than 5,000 living species. They are found on all continents except Antarctica. There are 24 species of frog currently found in Canada. In addition, one species, the Blanchard’s cricket frog, is extirpated. This means that, while it continues to live in other parts of its range, it is no longer found in Canada. Five of Canada’s frog species are toads, which are frogs belonging to the family Bufonidae. While most frog species in Canada are found in the southern reaches of the country, a few, for example the boreal chorus frog, have ranges extending into Yukon and the Northwest Territories, and in the case of the wood frog, Nunavut.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/WoodFrog/WoodFrog.jpg Frog Species in Canada

  • Article

    Front de libération du Québec (FLQ)

    The Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) was a militant Quebec independence movement that used terrorism to try and achieve an independent and socialist Quebec. FLQ members — or felquistes — were responsible for more than 200 bombings and dozens of robberies between 1963 and 1970 that left six people dead. Their actions culminated in the kidnapping of British trade commissioner James Cross and the kidnapping and subsequent murder of Quebec cabinet minister Pierre Laporte, in what became known as the October Crisis.

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  • Article

    Frontenac (Car)

    After William Durant lost control of GENERAL MOTORS for the second time, he started Durant Motors, and a Canadian branch was established in the Toronto suburb of Leaside.

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  • Article

    Frontenac (Ship)

    The Frontenac was the first steamboat launched on the Great Lakes. She was built by American contractors in 1816 at Ernesttown [Bath, Ontario] for a company of mainly Kingston (Ont) investors.

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  • Article

    Frontier Thesis

    The Frontier thesis was formulated 1893, when American historian Frederick Jackson Turner theorized that the availability of unsettled land throughout much of American history was the most important factor determining national development.

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  • Article

    Fruit and Vegetable Industry

    This important sector of Canada's FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRIES is made up of companies that process fruits and VEGETABLES.

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  • Article

    Fruit Cultivation

    Fruit growing is an important part of Canada’s food industry. Growing is usually restricted to areas where winter temperatures do not go much below -20°C.

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  • Article

    Fuel Cell

    The fuel cell, device that directly converts the energy potential of fuels into electrical power. (Electrical power is equivalent to work output.) Directly means without first burning the fuel to cause a temperature rise followed by a second-step, which is the conversion of heat into work.

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  • Article

    Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

    The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was enacted by the United States Congress on 18 September 1850. It extended the reach of the institution of slavery into the free Northern states, stating that refugees from enslavement living there could be returned to enslavement in the South once captured. The Act led thousands of freedom-seekers to take refuge in Canada. It was repealed 28 June 1864.

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  • Article

    Functionalism

    FunctionalismFunctionalism is a concept of world order developed in the early 20th century by such writers as Leonard Woolf and David Mitrany, who argued that if nations joined in economic and social interdependence, and if national well-being depended upon the maintenance of peace, then war would be less likely. This theory influenced the founders of the UNITED NATIONS, with its specialized functional agencies and its organs for security and for economic and social questions. Canadians...

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  • Article

    Funeral Practices in Canada

    Funeral practices consist of customary observances for the dead and arrangements made for disposition of the body. There is a network of social and legal requirements to be met that usually involve the services of various professionals.

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  • Article

    Fungus

    All members of the kingdom Fungi are commonly known by the same name, fungus. Fungi have some characteristics in common with both plants and animals, yet they are an independent group. Plants, animals and fungi are thought to have a common ancestor, probably a simple eukaryotic (cells having distinct nuclei) organism highly unlike its modern descendants. Evidence suggests that fungi and animals are more closely related to each other than either is to plants. Like animals, all fungi lack chlorophyll and cannot carry out photosynthesis.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/fungus/Decorated-Mop.jpg Fungus

  • Article

    Fur Farming

    Starting in the late 1880s a new industry developed in Canada, as animals of various species began to be bred in captivity for their fur. Foxes were first farmed on Prince Edward Island. In 1913, the Island counted 277 fox farms and by 1923, there were 448.

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