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  • Article

    Flour Milling

    In North America in precontact times, Indigenous people hand-ground corn and other substances (eg, acorns) into flour used in porridge, flat cakes, etc. By the middle of the 16th century, the first European settlers had arrived in New France, bringing with them their flour milling technology.

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  • Article

    Fly

    Adult flies have sucking or piercing mouth parts and lack the mandibles with which other insects bite food. Many so called "biting flies" (eg, horseflies, mosquitoes, no-see-ums, black flies, stable flies, tse-tse flies) feed on VERTEBRATE blood.

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  • Article

    FN C1 Self-Loading Rifle

    The FN C1 7.62 mm self-loading rifle is the Canadian version of the FN FAL ― a gas-operated, magazine-fed weapon produced by Belgian armaments manufacturer Fabrique Nationale (FN) Herstal. It was the first semi-automatic rifle adopted by the Canadian Army and saw service from 1955 to 1985. Canada was also the first NATO country to use the rifle, which was later used by many militaries around the world. Replacing the Lee-Enfield, the C1 was itself later replaced by the C7 and C8.

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  • Article

    Fog

    Fog is a concentration of atmospheric particles (usually minute water droplets or ice crystals) of sufficient density to reduce visibility. For practical purposes, in Canada, a reduction of visibility to 1,000–9,600 m is arbitrarily called mist; a reduction to under 1,000 m is called fog. In contrast, haze is a condition where such dry atmospheric particles as dust, ocean salt, natural oils from forest vegetation or forest-fire smoke are present in sufficient quantity to obscure vision. Near or downwind from industrial centres, combustion products such as smoke, soot, sulphuric and nitric oxides can combine with and acidify fog (see Acid Rain). The major centres in Canada that experience the most fog are St. John's, Nfld, with fog reported on an average of 126 days per year; Halifax, NS, with 74 days; and Vancouver, BC, with 62 days. Penticton, BC, receives the least fog, an average of 4 days per year. Argentia, Newfoundland, has the most fog of any place in Canada, with an average of 206 days per year.

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  • Editorial

    Fog Bowl: The 1962 Grey Cup

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. The Grey Cup was donated by Albert Henry George Grey, yet another of those governors general who have left their monikers on our sporting life.

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    https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Fog Bowl: The 1962 Grey Cup

  • Article

    Folk Music

    Few countries possess a folk music as rich and culturally varied as Canada's. Traditional folk music of European origin has been present in Canada since the arrival of the first French and British settlers in the 16th and 17th centuries (see Folk Music, Anglo-Canadian; Folk music, Franco-Canadian).

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  • Article

    Folklore

    Folklore was first introduced as a term in England in 1846 and today refers to information, wisdom and human expression that is passed on, usually anonymously, from generation to generation or transmitted and circulated as traditional cultural behaviour. Folkloric materials can be found anywhere and in any form, although past scholarship has favoured verbal folklore or oral literature: folk songs, folktales, epic, myth, legend, folk drama, riddles, proverbs, sayings and a variety of verses. Nonverbal folklore includes material culture such as folk architecture, folk art and crafts, dance, music, custom, ritual and belief, traditional folkways and amusements.

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  • Article

    Food Additives

    Consumers normally consider that the term "food additive" refers to almost all substances, primarily chemical in nature, added to foods during production, manufacture, packaging or storage.

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  • Article

    Food and Beverage Industries

    Food and beverage processing or manufacturing is one of Canada's major secondary industries and a vital component of the nation's overall AGRIBUSINESS system.

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  • Article

    Food Banks

    In Canada, the term "food bank" is often used to describe any cache of food designated for charitable purposes.

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    https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Food Banks

  • Collection

    Food in Canada

    Canada is home to countless culinary traditions which reflect its diversity of people and the land. From Indigenous food practices to the multitude of settler cuisines, people have created dishes adapted to their tastes and realities. This collection gathers a snapshot of popular dishes and cuisines found in Canada.

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  • Article

    Food Insecurity in Canada

    Household food insecurity— the inadequate or insecure access to food due to financial constraints — is a serious public health problem in Canada. In 2017–18, 1 in 8 households were food insecure. This amounted to over 4.4 million Canadians. Of that number, 1.2 million were children under 18 years. While food banks are a well-known public response to food insecurity, most food insecure households do not use food banks and there is no evidence that food charity is a durable solution. There is wide consensus that governments need to act on food insecurity through income-based interventions. 

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/FoodInsecurityCanada/food-insecurity-map.jpg Food Insecurity in Canada

  • Article

    Food Legislation

    Legislation designed to prevent the sale of unsafe or unwholesome food represents one of the oldest forms of governmental or societal intervention in the AGRICULTURE AND FOOD system.

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  • Article

    Food Poisoning

    Food poisoning includes intoxication and infection resulting from consumption of foods contaminated by toxins (poisons) produced by specific micro-organisms, or the presence of infectious micro-organisms, heavy-metal contaminants (eg, copper) or natural toxins.

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  • Article

    Football

    For many years, the term football described the practice of kicking an object, usually a round ball, and directing it into a designated goal area.

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