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Article

First Nations University of Canada

First established in 1976 as the Saskatchewan Indian Federated College, the First Nations University of Canada (FNUniv) is the only university-college in Canada controlled by First Nations.
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Article

First or Principal Meridian

Meridian, First or PrincipalThe First or Principal Meridian is the line of longitude forming the main backbone of the Dominion Lands Survey System - a plan devised in 1869 for the subdivision of the territory about to be purchased by the federal government from the Hudson's Bay Company into a rectangular system of square townships numbered northerly from the FORTY-NINTH PARALLEL and east and west of a given meridian. The Principal Meridian, sometimes referred to...
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Article

Music of Indigenous Peoples in Canada

Indigenous people (First Nations, Inuit, Métis) who reside in what is now Canada have diverse cultural traditions that are reflected in the variety of their musical genres and styles. Music is generally seen as an integral part of the daily life and spiritual beliefs of Indigenous people in Canada. The diversity of Indigenous life and music has been recognized by scholars who attempted to classify people according to "culture areas,"which were also applied to music made by people in each area. Indigenous people have their own distinct musical traditions, repertoire, and meanings. As well, genres of music have emerged that traverse boundaries and are performed by Indigenous musicians across North America. Some generalizations are that traditional Indigenous music is predominantly vocal, with drums, rattles and flutes serving as common instruments. As well, Indigenous musicians have been influenced by non-Indigenous music-making, often adopting other musical styles (such as country music and pop) and instruments (guitars, fiddles).
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Article

First Special Service Force

The First Special Service Force was a unique American-Canadian commando-type unit formed during the Second World War. Although it only existed from July 1942 to December 1944, it participated in operations in the Aleutian Islands, Italy and France and earned a fearsome reputation among German troops. Many of today’s American and Canadian special forces units base their heritage on the First Special Service Force.
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Collection

First World War

The First World War of 1914–1918 was the bloodiest conflict in Canadian history, taking the lives of more than 60,000 Canadians. This collection brings together a number of our resources on the First World War. Image above: Canadians soldiers advancing through German wire entanglements at Vimy Ridge. April, 1917. Canadian Department of National Defence/Library and Archives Canada/PA-001087.
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Article

First World War (Plain-Language Summary)

The First World War occurred between 1914 and 1918. Approximately 425,000 Canadians served overseas in Europe. More than 60,000 Canadians died. Over 170,000 were seriously wounded. Canadians suffered more casualties in the First World War than the Second World War. (See Second World War (Plain-Language Summary).) This article is a plain-language summary of the First World War. If you are interested in reading about this topic more in depth, please see our full-length entry, First World War.
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Timelines

First World War Timeline

The First World War of 1914–1918 was the bloodiest conflict in Canadian history, taking the lives of more than 60,000 Canadians. It erased romantic notions of war, introducing slaughter on a massive scale, and instilled a fear of foreign military involvement that would last until the Second World War.
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Article

First World War (WWI)

The First World War of 1914–18 was the bloodiest conflict in Canadian history, taking the lives of nearly 61,000 Canadians. It erased romantic notions of war, introducing slaughter on a massive scale, and instilled a fear of foreign military involvement that would last until the Second World War. The great achievements of Canadian soldiers on battlefields such as Ypres, Vimy and Passchendaele, however, ignited a sense of national pride and a confidence that Canada could stand on its own, apart from the British Empire, on the world stage. The war also deepened the divide between French and English Canada and marked the beginning of widespread state intervention in society and the economy. This article is a full-length entry about the First World War. For a plain-language summary, please see First World War (Plain-Language Summary).
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Article

Fiscal Policy

Fiscal policy is the use of government taxing and spending powers to manage the behaviour of the economy. Most fiscal policy is a balancing act between taxes, which tend to reduce economic activity, and spending, which tends to increase it — although there is debate among economists about the effectiveness of fiscal measures.
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Article

Fish Classification

The classification of fishes has undergone much change over the last few decades, and further changes are expected, partly because so many groups are poorly known.
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Macleans

Fish War Ends

This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on April 24, 1995. Partner content is not updated. Even for a fish tale, the story had started to strain the bounds of credulity. Victory is at hand, federal Fisheries Minister Brian Tobin repeated like a mantra last week.
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Article

Fisher

The fisher (Pekania pennanti) is a member of the weasel family, with a typically pointed face and rounded ears. In Canada, fishers live in the boreal and temperate forests of almost all the provinces and territories, with the exception of Newfoundland and Labrador and Prince Edward Island.
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Macleans

Fisher Charged in Milgaard Case

For Larry Fisher, being on the move was nothing new. Since his release from prison in 1994, the convicted serial rapist had been hounded out of Dawson Creek, B.C., Calgary and North Battleford, Sask. Last week, Saskatoon joined the list.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on August 4, 1997
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Article

Fisheries Policy

The challenge of fisheries policy is to preserve fish stocks while maximizing economic benefit to the people involved in the industry, to the communities that depend on it, and to the nation as a whole.
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Article

Fisheries Research Board

Until the transfer of its staff to the Department of the Environment in 1973 and its demise in 1979, the FRB was the principal federal research organization working on aquatic science and fisheries.
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