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  • Article

    Music at Expo 86

    World exposition sanctioned by the International Bureau of Expositions, held in Vancouver 2 May-30 Oct 1986. The theme, Transportation and Communication, celebrated the centenaries of the founding of Vancouver and the arrival on the Pacific coast of the first passenger train.

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    https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Music at Expo 86

  • Article

    Exports from Canada

    Exports are goods or services that residents of one country sell to residents of another country. Since its earliest days, Canada’s economic prosperity has relied on exports to larger markets; first through its colonial ties to Britain and later due to its geographic proximity to the United States. Billions of dollars of goods and services cross Canada’s border each year. (See International Trade.) Exports make up about a third of Canada’s gross domestic product (GDP). In 2019, Canadians exported $729 billion worth of goods and services. Almost 75 per cent of Canada’s total exports go to the United States. (See Canada-US Economic Relations.) Other major markets include the European Union, China and Japan.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/33b5ca34-f7a3-4d8f-a618-a261bba3a0ef.jpg Exports from Canada

  • Macleans

    Expos Bought by Loria

    An ardent baseball fan since the 1950s and a minority owner of the Montreal Expos, Mark Routtenberg concedes that even his passion for the Grand Old Game waned during the past year.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on December 13, 1999

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    https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Expos Bought by Loria

  • Article

    Canadian Foreign Relations

    Throughout its history, Canada has taken a series of steps to develop from a British colony into an independent nation. Both the First and Second World War were turning points; Canada’s military sacrifices gave it the strength and confidence to demand its own voice on the world stage. In the postwar era, Canada maintained its role in both Western and global alliances. (See NATO; NORAD; GATT.) However, economics have shaped Canadian diplomacy to a remarkable extent. Because of the United States’ singular importance to Canadian security and trade, relations with the US have dominated Canada’s foreign policy since Confederation.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/9da06892-ef18-4652-b682-3bb385411454.jpg Canadian Foreign Relations

  • List

    Extinct Animals in Canada

    As of May 2021, 18 animal species once found in Canada are now extinct, according to the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). The committee’s definition of a wildlife species includes taxonomic categories as well as geographically distinct populations. For example, the Atlantic salmon appears on COSEWIC’s list of at-risk species 15 times, as there are 15 populations of Atlantic salmon in Canada facing different threats to their survival. Similarly, when one of these populations goes extinct — as was the case for Atlantic salmon in Lake Ontario in 1898 — there are specific, cascading effects for the ecosystem that the population belongs to. Communities may lose fishing opportunities and other animals may lose a source of food. Though the Atlantic salmon is an example of a species with populations still observable in the wild, this list of 18 also includes animals that no longer exist anywhere on the planet, such as the sea mink or great auk. The reasons for the extinction of these animals range from overhunting to predation from invasive species to,­ in the case of the Eelgrass limpet, a plight of slime mould. 

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/ExtinctAnimalList/GreatAukPainting.jpg Extinct Animals in Canada

  • List

    Extinct Plants in Canada

    There is one plant native to Canada that is extinct. Called Macoun’s shining moss (Neomacounia nitida), this plant grew near Belleville, Ontario. Given the abundance of plant species found in Canada, it’s perhaps surprising that only one is extinct, especially when compared to the number of extinct animals in the country — 18 as of 2021. However, Macoun’s shining moss is likely not the only extinct Canadian plant. It is possible that many more species went extinct before botanists observed and recorded them. Because early settlers were more likely to notice animals and use them for food and economic purposes, their disappearance was better documented. (See also Extinct Animals in Canada.) 

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/ExtinctPlants/MacounsMoss1.jpg Extinct Plants in Canada

  • Editorial

    Extreme Weather and the Canadian Psyche

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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  • Macleans

    Exxon and Mobil to Merge

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on December 14, 1998. Partner content is not updated. On a chilly spring day in 1911, the decision reverberated through the executive offices of the Standard Oil Trust like a thunderclap: the world’s biggest oil company was to be broken into 34 corporate pieces by order of the U.S. government. Upon hearing this, John D.

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    https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Exxon and Mobil to Merge

  • Article

    Faba Bean

    The faba Bean, or broad bean (Vicia faba or Faba vulgaris), is a legume family member, which is not a true bean but a vetch. 

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/2a7ad121-90f0-4a5b-9d7e-fe347ca924d6.jpg Faba Bean

  • Macleans

    Faint Hope: Background

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on August 18, 1997. Partner content is not updated. Danny Homer’s calm, detached tone belies the fact that he is talking about the murder that put him behind bars for life. The prisoner, now 38, explains that he was a teenager living in Regina in January, 1977, when he killed Ira McDonald, a 23-year-old partner in crime.

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    https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Faint Hope: Background

  • Article

    Fake News (a.k.a. Disinformation) in Canada

    Fake news is falsified information created with the intent of misleading people. It aims to shape public opinion by eliciting an emotional and biased response that is divorced from facts but in alignment with a particular ideology or perspective. Fake news can effectively weaponize information. It uses disinformation, misinformation or mal-information to demonize or damage a political foe, or to sow confusion and mistrust among the public. Fake news came to the fore of public consciousness during and immediately after the 2016 US presidential election, though its origins date back much further.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/FakeNews/640px-FAKE_NEWS.png Fake News (a.k.a. Disinformation) in Canada

  • Article

    Falcon

    The falcon (family Falconidae) is a small to medium-sized predatory bird noted for its swiftness in flight. With 63 species, falcons range in size from sparrow-sized (the falconet of Southeast Asia) to raven-sized (the powerful, arctic-dwelling gyrfalcon).

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/d94ee6d6-cf87-4001-9183-a07490901889.jpg Falcon

  • Article

    False Face Society

    Curing, the restoration of well-being for the community and health for the individual, was a vital part of Indigenous religious practice. The best known of several curing societies among the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) of the lower Great Lakes was the False Face Society.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/52de6e51-1e15-479d-a990-01bee3bcc255.jpg False Face Society

  • Article

    Family

    There is no such thing as "the Canadian family." Membership in a family, the activities of those members in and out of the household, and the relationship among members varies with economic conditions and also with regions, historical periods, SOCIAL CLASS, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity.

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    https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Family

  • Article

    Canada Child Benefit (CCB)

    A family or child allowance is a monthly government payment to families with children. The intent of the payment is to help cover the costs of child rearing. The Family Allowance, Canada's first universal welfare program, began in 1945. Benefits were awarded without regard to the family's income or assets, based on the idea that all children are worthy of public support. Since the 1980s, however, such payments have been increasingly targeted to low-income and middle-income families. The allowance was restructured and renamed the Canada Child Benefit (CCB) in 2016. Since then, the CCB has boosted Canada’s GDP by 2.1 per cent per year. This makes it one of the country’s most effective poverty-reduction programs. Along with the Canada Pension Plan and Employment Insurance, the CCB is one of the largest cash-transfer programs in the country. In the 2023–24 fiscal year, the CCB paid approximately $27 billion to Canadian households.

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    https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Canada Child Benefit (CCB)