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Article

Death and Dying

Death, the irreversible cessation of life, has always intrigued and frightened mankind. Every known culture has attempted to provide an explanation of its meaning; like birth or marriage it is universally considered an event of social significance, amplified by ritual and supported by institutions.
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Macleans

Debate Over Common Canadian/US Dollar

This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on July 5, 1999. Partner content is not updated. There was a time when it was one of those textbook facts drummed into the heads of schoolchildren, never to slip the mind: Canada and the United States share the longest undefended border in the world.
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Article

Debert and Belmont Palaeoindian Sites

The Debert archaeological site was discovered near the city of Debert in north-central Nova Scotia in 1948, and excavated between 1962 and 1964.
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Article

Debt in Canada

A debt is something that one owes to another. While debt can take many forms, the term usually refers to money owed. In a Canadian context, debts have become an increasing concern during the past three decades. According to Statistics Canada, at the end of the second quarter of 2020, Canadian non-financial businesses, governments and households owed almost $7.1 trillion in debts. That works out to roughly $186,000 per person. (See also Public Debt.)
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Article

Decentralization

Decentralization, in federal countries, occurs when there is a substantial sharing of power, authority, financial resources and political support among federal, provincial and local GOVERNMENTS. The less concentrated these resources are in the central government, the more decentralized the system.
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Article

Le déclin de l'empire américain (The Decline of the American Empire)

A comedy of manners that functions as a sharp socio-political satire, Denys Arcand’s Le déclin de l'empire américain (1986) is widely considered one of the best Canadian films ever made. It won eight Genie Awards — including best picture, director and screenplay — and several international honours, including an Academy Award nomination for Best Foreign Language Film. It was named one of the Top 10 Canadian films of all time in two polls conducted by the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), and the 10th-best Canadian film of all time in a 2002 Playback readers’ poll. It was followed by a sequel, the Academy Award-winning Les Invasions barbares, in 2003. In 2016, it was named one of 150 essential works in Canadian cinema history in a poll conducted by TIFF.
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Article

Decorative Arts in Canada

Fine art is meant to be contemplated and interpreted; decorative art is designed to be used and enjoyed. Nonetheless, there is no sharp boundary between the decorative and the fine arts. Yet for thousands of years, people have fashioned everything from totem poles and shaman’s rattles to elaborately carved stone and ivory knives and harpoons. These items served ritual and practical purposes and carried with them both spiritual and historical meanings. There is no reason to think a useful object cannot also be a bearer of meaning. Contemporary Canadian artists and artisans continue to blur the lines between decorative and fine art.
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Article

Deep Rover

A one-man submersible capable of working 4-6 hours under water to a depth of 914 m at speeds up to 1.5 knots, Deep Rover was designed by Graham Hawkes at San Leandro, Calif, and built by Can-Dive Services Ltd of Vancouver and in Dartmouth, NS, in 1984 to work in the offshore oil industry.
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Article

Deer in Canada

Deer (Cervidae) is a family of antlered, hoofed ruminants of the order Artiodactyla containing about 40 species worldwide. Five species are present in Canada: white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), caribou (Rangifer tarandus), moose (Alces alces) and elk (also known as wapiti, Cervus canadensis). Deer are relatively large-brained and adaptable. The white-tailed deer is the provincial mammal of Saskatchewan.
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Article

Deer Flies and Horse Flies (Tabanidae)

Tabanids, also known as horse flies and deer flies, are insects in the family Tabanidae and are well-known for their painful bites and persistent feeding behaviours. About 4,300 species are described worldwide, including 144 in Canada. Some of the most commonly encountered species in Canada are the black horse fly (Tabanus atratus) and the bothersome deer fly (Chrysops excitans). Despite their reputation as a nuisance, tabanids play crucial ecosystem roles as pollinators and as an important food source for other animals.
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Article

Deer Mouse

The deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) is a typical mouse with a moderately long tail, large ears, prominent eyes and a pointed nose well supplied with tactile hairs. Upper parts are grey or brown, depending on age and subspecies; underside, white. Even the tail is two-toned.
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Article

Defamation in Canada

Defamation law protects an individual's reputation and good name. It also restricts freedom of speech. Therefore, courts must carefully balance these two important values in deciding defamation actions.
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Article

Defence Counsel

Defence counsel, lawyer who advises accused (defendants in civil cases) and presents their case to the court, ensuring that clients have a fair trial. If a client is convicted, the defence counsel speaks in respect of sentence.
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Article

Defence of Automatism

The term "automatism" describes unconscious, involuntary behaviour. Automatism is a "defence" to criminal charges in the following sense: to convict an accused the prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt both a prohibited act and fault.
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Article

Defence Policy

Before 1870, the defence of Canada was a costly burden for France and then for Great Britain, invariably against enemies to the south, be they Iroquois, English or the American invaders of 1775-76 (see AMERICAN REVOLUTION) or of 1812-14.
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