Browse "Science & Technology"

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  • Article

    Nortel

    Nortel Networks Corporation, or simply Nortel, was a public telecommunications and data networking equipment manufacturer. Founded in 1895 as the Northern Electric and Manufacturing Company, it was one of Canada’s oldest technology companies. Nortel expanded rapidly during the dot-com boom (1997–2001), purchasing many Internet technology companies in a drive to remain competitive in the expanding information technology (IT) market. At its height in 2000, the company represented over 35 per cent of the value of Toronto’s TSE 300 index. It was the ninth most valuable corporation in the world and employed about 94,000 people worldwide at its peak. But Nortel soon entered an extended and painful period of corporate downsizing, and in 2009, the company filed for bankruptcy protection in the largest corporate failure in Canadian history. Shareholders, employees and pensioners suffered losses as a result. Company executives, however, were paid a total US$190 million in retention bonuses between 2009 and 2016. Nortel sold off its assets for a total US$7.3 billion. Those assets were scheduled to be distributed to Nortel’s bondholders, suppliers and former employees in 2017. 

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    Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT)

    The Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT) in EDMONTON, Alberta, was founded in the early 1960s as part of a federal and provincial government joint initiative to create a technical infrastructure to support Canada's rapidly diversifying economy.

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    Northern Gateway Pipeline Proposal

    The $7.9 billion Northern Gateway project was a pipeline proposal that Enbridge put forward in 2008. Northern Gateway would have carried diluted bitumen (“dilbit”) about 1,170 km from Bruderheim, Alberta to a terminal on the Pacific Ocean at Kitimat, British Columbia. Enbridge claimed that the project would create $1.2 billion in tax revenue for BC, as well as 560 jobs. The Federal Court of Appeal overturned the pipeline’s approval in 2016. That same year, the Liberal government of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau rejected the project.

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    Northern Railway of Canada

    The railway was designed to link the 3 lakes for which it was originally named - the Ontario, Simcoe and Huron Railway. It opened in May 1853 when the locomotive Toronto (made in Toronto) hauled the first steam train in present-day Ontario from Toronto to Machell's Corners (present-day Aurora).

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    Northern Telecom Limited

    See ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY.

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    NOVA Corporation

    NOVA Corporation was a Canadian energy company based in Calgary. Originally known as the Alberta Gas Trunk Line Company Ltd., it was established in 1954 to build, own and operate Alberta’s natural gas gathering and transmission facilities. In 1998, NOVA merged with TransCanada (now TC Energy), creating the fourth largest gas pipeline company in North America.

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    Nova Scotia Nautical Institute

    The Nova Scotia Nautical Institute was an institute for seamanship training founded in 1872. It was common in England and Canada, which followed England in marine matters, to have people called "crammers" to assist mariners to pass their examinations, following apprenticeship on board ship.

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    Nuclear Energy

    Nuclear Energy is energy from the nucleus of an atom. In stars such as the sun, pairs of light atoms (mostly hydrogen) fuse together and release the radiation received on earth as solar energy.

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    Nuclear Fusion

    Nuclear fusion is the combination of the nuclei of two light atoms to form a heavier one. The resulting atom has a smaller mass than the original ones; therefore, nuclear fusion is a method of transforming mass into energy. 

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    Nuclear Power Plants

    Nuclear power plants have been used in Canada since the early 1960s to produce electricity commercially. In 2024, approximately 15% of the country’s electricity was procured by nuclear energy. The province of Ontario is home to three of Canada’s five plants, with the other two located in Quebec and New Brunswick, respectively. The Quebec plant (Gentilly-2 Nuclear Facility) ceased operations in December 2012. The full decommissioning process is scheduled to end in 2074.  

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    Nuclear Research Establishments

    The research company of Atomic Energy of Canada LTD (AECL) operates 2 major nuclear energy research centres in Canada: Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories (CRNL), and Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment (WNRE). 

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    Nursing

    Marie Rollet Hébert [Hubou] has been credited with being the first person in what is now Canada to provide nursing care to the sick. The wife of Louis HÉBERT, a surgeon-apothecary, she arrived in Québec in 1617 and assisted her husband in caring for the sick.

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    Observatory

    Of the observatories in use before the invention of the telescope, perhaps the most scientifically productive was that of Tycho Brahe, built 400 years ago on the island of Hveen in the Baltic Sea.

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    Occupational Diseases

    Occupational diseases are disorders of health resulting from conditions related to the workplace. They are distinguished from occupational injuries, which are disorders resulting from trauma such as strains or sprains, lacerations, burns or soft-tissue injuries such as bruises.

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    Ocean Ranger

    On 15 February 1982, the world's largest semisubmersible drill rig, Ocean Ranger, capsized and sank in a fierce storm on the Grand Banks with the loss of all 84 crew members, 56 of whom were Newfoundlanders.

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