Browse "Politics & Law"

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  • Article

    Canada and the League of Nations

    The League of Nations was an organization of 63 countries established in 1919, after the First World War. Canada was a founding member. The League ultimately failed in its aim of collective security. It was replaced by the United Nations at the end of the Second World War. However, the League of Nations did establish a new model for international organizations. League membership brought Canada its first official contact with foreign governments and helped to establish its position as a sovereign state. It also introduced Canada to the opportunities and challenges of international co-operation and peacekeeping.

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  • Article

    League of Nations Society in Canada

    The League of Nations Society in Canada was founded 1921 to promote international peace by developing public knowledge of and support for the League of Nations. With headquarters in Ottawa, it operated until 1942. Its presidents included such public figures as Sir Robert Borden, Sir George Foster, Ernest Lapointe and Cairine Wilson. John W. Dafoe, Newton W. Rowell and J.S. Woodsworth served on its national council. The society's activities were primarily promotional and educational. It distributed league publications and its own monthly, Interdependence, and sponsored speaking tours and radio broadcasts by supporters. It was the first Canadian organization to encourage public interest in and understanding of international affairs.

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  • Article

    Legal Aid

    The availability of publicly funded legal services for poor clients in Canada has developed only in the latter half of the 20th century.

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  • Article

    Lend-Lease

    Lend-Lease, an Act of the US Congress passed March 1941, providing for the transfer of American war materials to Britain and its allies in return for theoretical deferred payment.

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  • Article

    Liberalism

    Long before the political label was coined in 19th-century Spain, liberalism existed as a body of thought dedicated to the proposition that the individual is the unit of supreme value in society.

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  • Article

    Libertarianism in Canada

    Libertarianism is a political philosophy (or group of political philosophies). For libertarians, individual freedom is a core political value. Thus, individuals should be free to act as they want, as long as their actions do not interfere with the liberty and rights of others.

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  • Article

    Library of Parliament

    The Library of Parliament came into being when the legislative libraries of Upper and Lower Canada were amalgamated in 1841 and situated in Montréal. In 1849 only 200 of the 12,000 books were saved when an angry mob protesting the Rebellion Losses Bill set fire to the Parliament Buildings.

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  • Article

    Lieutenant-Governor

    The lieutenant-governor combines the monarchical and the federal principle in provincial governments. Although the lieutenant-governor is appointed by the Governor General on the prime minister's advice, in the words of an 1892 decision by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, a lieutenant-governor "is as much the representative of Her Majesty, for all purposes of provincial government, as the Governor-General himself is for all purposes of Dominion Government."

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  • Article

    Lieutenant-Governors of New Brunswick

    For more information on provincial politics see Politics in New Brunswick. Lieutenant-Governors Term Louise Imbeault 2025-present Brenda Murphy 2019-25 Jocelyne Roy Vienneau 2014-19 Graydon Nicholas 2009-14 Herménégilde Chiasson 2003-09 Marilyn Trenholme Counsell 1997-2003 Margaret Norrie McCain 1994-97 Gilbert Finn 1987-94 George Francis Gillman Stanley 1981-87 Hédard Joseph Robichaud 1971-81 Wallace Samuel Bird 1968-71 John Babbit McNair 1965-68 Joseph Leonard O'Brien 1958-65 David Laurence MacLaren 1945-58 William George Clark 1940-45 Murray MacLaren 1935-40 Hugh Havelock McLean...

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  • Article

    Lieutenant-Governors of Newfoundland and Labrador

    For more information on provincial politics, see Politics in Newfoundland and Labrador. Lieutenant-Governor Term ​Joan Marie J. Aylward ​2023-present ​Judy Foote ​2018-23 Frank F. Fagan 2013-18 John Crosbie 2008-13 Edward Moxon Roberts 2002-08 Arthur Maxwell House 1997-2002 Frederick William Russell 1991-97 James McGrath 1986-91 W.A. Paddon 1981-86 Gordon A. Winter 1974-81 Ewart J.A. Harnum 1969-74 Fabian O'Dea 1963-69 Campbell L. Macpherson 1957-63 Leonard Outerbridge 1949-57 Albert Walsh 1949 

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  • Article

    Lieutenant-Governors of Ontario

    See also Ontario; Politics in Ontario; Premiers of Ontario. Lieutenant-Governors Term Edith Dumont 2023-present Elizabeth Dowdeswell 2014-23 David C. Onley 2007-14 James K. Bartleman 2002-07 Hilary M. Weston 1997-2002 Henry N.R. Jackman 1991-97 Lincoln M. Alexander 1985-91 John B. Aird 1980-85 Pauline E. McGibbon 1974-80 W. Ross Macdonald 1968-74 William E. Rowe 1963-68 John K. MacKay 1957-63 Louis O. Breithaupt 1952-57 Ray Lawson 1946-52 Albert E. Matthews 1937-46 Herbert A. Bruce 1932-37 William D. Ross...

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  • Article

    Lieutenant-Governors of Quebec

    For more information on provincial politics see Politics in Quebec. Lieutenant-Governors Term Manon Jeannotte 2024-present J. Michel Doyon 2015-24 Pierre Duchesne 2007-15 Lise Thibault 1997-2007 Jean-Louis Roux 1996-97 Martial Asselin 1990-96 Gilles Lamontagne 1984-90 Jean-Pierre Côté 1978-84 Hugues Lapointe 1966-78 Paul Comtois 1961-66 Onésime Gagnon 1958-61 Gaspard Fauteux 1950-58 Eugène Fiset 1939-50 Esioff-Léon Patenaude 1934-39 Henry George Carroll 1929-34 Sir Jean-Lomer Gouin 1929 Narcisse Perodeau 1924-29 Louis-Philippe Brodeur 1923-24 Sir Charles Fitzpatrick 1918-23 Pierre-Laurent LeBlanc...

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  • Article

    Lobbying in Canada

    Lobbying is the process through which individuals and groups articulate their interests to federal, provincial or municipal governments to influence public policy or government decision-making. Lobbyists may be paid third parties who communicate on behalf of their clients; or they may be employees of a corporation or organization seeking to influence the government. Because of the possibility for conflict of interest, lobbying is the subject of much public scrutiny. At the federal level, lobbying activities are governed by the Lobbying Act. Provinces and municipalities have their own lobbying laws and by-laws.

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  • Article

    Local Elections

    Local elections are the procedures by which citizens in a community choose the MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT.

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  • Article

    Local Government

    Local government is the level of government below the provinces. The most important local governments are the MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS. Under the constitution, the provinces have exclusive jurisdiction over municipal affairs (see MUNICIPAL-PROVINCIAL RELATIONS).

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