Browse "Nature & Geography"

Displaying 61-75 of 740 results

  • Article

    Biogeography

    Biogeography studies all aspects of the adaptations of an organism to its environment, considering systematically the origins, migrations and associations of living things. Hence, it aims for a synthesis of data from nonbiological and biological disciplines: geology, physical geography, geomorphology, climatology and meteorology, on the one hand; biology, taxonomy, genetics and physiology, on the other. Biogeographical relationships cannot be understood except from an ecological perspective which tries to explain the exchanges between an organism and its environment.

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  • Article

    Biosphere Reserves of Canada

    A biosphere reserve represents one of the world’s important ecosystems and is divided into three zones: a protected core zone (such as a park or wildlife area), a buffer zone around the core, and a transition zone that fosters sustainable economic and cultural activity. The World Network of Biosphere Reserves includes 797 sites around the world, 19 of which are in Canada. The network is part of the larger Man and the Biosphere Program of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Biosphere reserves are designated by UNESCO to help conserve biodiversity, demonstrate sustainable development and build the local community’s capacity to deal with human and environmental issues.

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  • Article

    Bird Distribution and Habitat

    Animals' lives are circumscribed by two imperatives: finding food for survival, growth and reproduction and avoiding becoming prey before reproducing. For an animal to occupy a habitat, it must be able to survive and reproduce within it. Birds have evolved many ways to meet these challenges. Their feeding structures (feet, bills and gastrointestinal tracts) are adapted to take in available food. Plumage structure, colour and pattern protect them from their physical environment and camouflage them from potential predators and sometimes from potential prey. 

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  • Article

    Bird Feathers

    Feathers are only found on birds. They probably evolved as a temperature-control device from scales, much like those of modern reptiles. 

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  • Article

    Bird Flight

    Wing evolution has been affected by the habitats to which birds have adapted (e.g. the open ocean, cliff tops or the closed environment of forests) and by the need to reduce drag, or air resistance.

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  • Article

    Bird Sanctuaries and Reserves

    Protection may be achieved by various means, including land-use zoning, long-term agreements with landowners and outright acquisition of land by wildlife agencies. Protected land areas may be designated as national wildlife areas, conservation areas, game reserves, etc.

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  • Article

    Bird Watching

    Bird watching is the field observation of birds. The popularity of bird watching has burgeoned, especially since WWII, assisted by increased leisure time, a rich literature of books and periodicals, more organizations and better educational, communication and travel facilities.

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  • Macleans

    Bison Back from Brink of Extinction

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on February 16, 2004. Partner content is not updated. AS MUCH as a 400-lb. animal can be said to frolic, that's what 50 BISON calves have been doing since they arrived on the rolling flatlands of southwestern Saskatchewan in mid-December.

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    https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Bison Back from Brink of Extinction

  • Article

    Bison Farming

    In the early 1800s it is reported that over 50 million bison roamed the plains of North America. In the late 1800s, as a consequence of hunting for meat, hides and trophies, and conversion of natural grass to farmland, there were fewer than 1000 plains bison remaining.

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  • Article

    Bitumen

    One of the easiest ways to understand bitumen is to compare it to its cousin, conventional crude oil. Whereas conventional crude oil flows freely, bitumen does not. At room temperature it looks like cold molasses, and must be either heated or diluted before it flows.

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  • Article

    Blackbird

    Blackbird is a common name for several species of birds of the New World family Icteridae (which also includes meadowlarks, orioles, cowbirds and grackles). 

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  • Article

    Bloodvein River

    Named, perhaps, for the red granite stripes running through the bedrock near its source, the Bloodvein River begins in the vast wilderness of the Canadian Shield, 600 km northwest of Thunder Bay, Ont, and 500 km northeast of Winnipeg.

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  • Article

    Bloody Falls

    Bloody Falls are rapids located about 15 km above the mouth of the Coppermine River in the central Arctic.

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  • Article

    Blue-green Algae

    Blue-green Algae, now known as Cyanobacteria, are named for the blue-green pigment phycocyanin which along with chlorophyll a gives them a blue-green appearance. This led to Cyanobacteria being called blue-green algae before the kingdom Monera was recognized.

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  • Article

    Blue-Grey Gnatcatcher

    The Blue-grey gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea, family Muscicapidae, subfamily Sylviinae) is a tiny, migratory, insectivorous songbird.

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