Browse "Nature & Geography"

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Article

Toad Species in Canada

Toad is a common name for frogs belonging to the family Bufonidae. The distinction is not firm, but the word toad is generally applied to frogs with relatively short legs and thick bodies, dry, often “warty” skin and reduced webbing between the toes. Five toad species are found in Canada, living in drier habitats than most other frogs. In Canada, other frogs commonly called toads are the Plains and Great Basin spadefoots (family Scaphiopodidae). For more general information about frogs (including toads) see Frog Species in Canada.
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Article

Tobacco

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is an annual (potentially perennial) herbaceous plant of the nightshade family.
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Article

Tobacco-Products Industry

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is an annual herbaceous plant of the nightshade family. In Canada, tobacco growing expanded commercially in the late 19th century.
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Article

Tomato

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is a herbaceous perennial which, in Canada, is grown as an annual because of early frost. Fruits range from a few grams to over 450 gm. Tomatoes are usually red or orange but may be pink (colourless skin) or yellow. Tomatoes contain vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid. Worldwide, two species are cultivated, L. esculentum (including common, cherry, pear, upright and large-leaf varieties) and L. pimpinellifolium. The tomato originated in Peru and was used by the Indians of South and Central America in precontact times. Introduced into Europe in the 16th century, the tomato was viewed with suspicion as a member of the nightshade family. There was no known commercial production before the early 1800s.
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Article

Tornado

Tornadoes are a type of severe storm. They are typified by a funnel-shaped cloud descending toward the earth.
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Article

Toronto Feature: Hurricane Hazel

This article is from our Toronto Feature series. Features from past programs are not updated.
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Macleans

Toronto's Record Snowstorm

This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on January 25, 1999. Partner content is not updated. As a storm raged outside, the constantly ringing phones went unanswered at Environment Canadas Toronto offices last Thursday. Like many other workplaces in the city, it was shut down - by the worst series of blizzards ever to strike Toronto.
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Article

Touch-me-not

Touch-me-not, or Jewelweed, are common names for family of herbaceous plants (Balsaminaceae) of which Impatiens is the principal genus. The genus name derives from the fact that a ripe seed capsule, when touched, explodes violently, projecting seed some distance.
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Article

Trans Mountain Pipeline Expansion Project

The Trans Mountain Expansion is a project to build about 980 km of new pipe, most of which will run parallel to the existing Trans Mountain oil pipeline. The new line will carry diluted bitumen, or “dilbit,” from Edmonton, Alberta to Burnaby, British Columbia. The expansion will increase the pipeline route’s overall capacity from 300,000 barrels per day to 890,000 barrels per day. The project’s first owner, Kinder Morgan Canada, sold it to the Government of Canada in 2018. The Trans Mountain Expansion has been a focus of environmental and economic debates, as well as political conflicts. The $12.6 billion project is now under construction.
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Article

Treeline

The treeline is controlled by CLIMATE in interaction with SOIL. In the North, it is correlated generally with the modal (most common) position of the southern edge of the arctic front in summer, and with such temperature indices as the July 10°C isotherm.
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Article

Trees in Canada

Trees are single-stemmed, perennial, woody plants taller than 3 m and exceeding 8 cm in diameter at breast height; shrubs are multistemmed and smaller. These definitions are somewhat arbitrary, since many species (e.g., willow, alder, cherry, maple) can grow as trees or shrubs, depending on the environment. Counting the 30-odd shrubs that assume tree form under favourable conditions, there are about 140 native Canadian trees. The largest and oldest grow in the Pacific temperate rain forest. Douglas fir is an imposing example and, although it does not reach the size of redwoods or the age of bristlecone pines, specimens 90 m tall, 5 m in basal diameter, and older than 1,000 years have been reported. Canada's tallest reported tree (95 m) is a Sitka spruce, the "Carmanah Giant" in the Carmanah Valley on the west coast of Vancouver Island. Canada's tallest Douglas fir, 94.3 m in height and 8.07 m in circumference, stands near Coquitlam, BC.
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Article

Triceratops

Triceratops is a genus of plant-eating, horned dinosaur. There are two species of Triceratops: T. Horridus and T. Prorsus. Triceratops lived between 68 million and 66 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period. The name Triceratops is of Greek origin and means “three-horned face.” Triceratops remains are among the most abundant dinosaur fossils found, though this is more true in the United States than in Canada. In 1921, paleontologist Charles M. Sternberg found the first Triceratops fossil from Canada, discovered in southern Saskatchewan. Paleontologists have also discovered Triceratops fossils in Alberta. (See also Dinosaurs Found in Canada.)
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Article

Trillium

Trillium, common and generic name of a perennial plant of the Trilliaceae family (sometimes classified as a subfamily of the LILY family). The name derives from the arrangement of leaves, petals and sepals in groups of 3. The
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Article

Trilobite

Trilobites are extinct marine arthropods of the Palaeozoic era (544–300 million years ago). Their closest modern relative is the horseshoe crab. Trilobite fossils are relatively abundant throughout Canada.
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Article

Triticale

Triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack), the first man-made crop species, is initially produced by crossing wheat (genus Triticum) with rye (Secale), and resembles wheat.
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