Browse "Nature & Geography"

Displaying 241-255 of 733 results

  • Article

    Environmental Governance

    Environmental governance is a term used to describe how decisions about the ENVIRONMENT are made and who makes such decisions. It is a broad term that includes the formal and informal institutional arrangements for resource and environment decision-making and management.

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  • Article

    Environmental Management

    Successful actions to protect the environment and conserve natural resources constitute environmental management. More formally, environmental management refers to decisions and actions regarding how to allocate or develop resources; and how to use, restore, rehabilitate, monitor or evaluate environmental change. Environmental management involves decisions, strategies, programs and projects to use or protect the environment in order to meet broader social objectives.

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  • Article

    Environmental Racism in Canada

    Environmental racism is the disproportionate proximity and greater exposure of Indigenous, Black and other racialized communities to polluting industries and environmentally hazardous activities. In Canada, Indigenous and African Nova Scotian communities have been the most impacted by environmental racism. Examples of environmental racism in Nova Scotia include an open dump in Africville, landfills in Shelburne and Lincolnville, a pulp and paper mill in Pictou Landing First Nation, and a pipeline in Sipekne’katik First Nation. A pipeline also runs through Wet'suwet'en First Nation in British Columbia, while in Ontario there is mercury contamination in Grassy Narrows First Nation and over 60 petrochemical facilities surrounding Aamjiwnaang First Nation.

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  • Article

    Environmental Racism in Canada (Plain-Language Summary)

    Environmental racism is when polluting industries and environmentally hazardous activities are primarily located near low-income or minority communities. In Canada, Indigenous and Black communities are the most affected by environmental racism. This article contains examples of environmental racism in Nova Scotia, Ontario and British Columbia. This article is a plain-language summary of environmental racism in Canada. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see the full-length entry, Environmental Racism in Canada.

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  • Article

    Erosion

    Erosion caused in this case by an intense thunderstorm squall lifting the soil from the fields (photo by Arjen Verkaik, Skyart Productions).This view depicts the eroding badlands and alternating beds of sandstone and shale (photo by Cliff Wallis, courtesy Cottonwood Consultants Ltd.).One of the classic, and disastrous, examples of gravitational erosion (photo by Ken A. Meisner/Take Stock Inc).The prairie dry belt was unwisely opened for homesteading and was struck by successive droughts in the 1920s...

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  • Article

    Esker

    An esker is a ridge (Gaelic eiscir, "ridge") of gravel and sand emplaced during glacial melt by the deposition of sediments from meltwater rivers flowing on the ice (channel fills) or beneath a glacier (tunnel fills).

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  • Editorial

    Extreme Weather and the Canadian Psyche

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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  • Article

    Faba Bean

    The faba Bean, or broad bean (Vicia faba or Faba vulgaris), is a legume family member, which is not a true bean but a vetch. 

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  • Article

    Falcon

    The falcon (family Falconidae) is a small to medium-sized predatory bird noted for its swiftness in flight. With 63 species, falcons range in size from sparrow-sized (the falconet of Southeast Asia) to raven-sized (the powerful, arctic-dwelling gyrfalcon).

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  • Article

    Feldspar

    Most of the world's feldspar is used in glass-making and in the production of ceramics such as wall and floor tiles and sanitaryware. It is also used to produce glazes and enamels and electrical porcelain. Feldspar occurs

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  • Article

    Fern

    Fern, common name for a diverse group (division Polypodiophyta) of usually perennial, spore-producing plants with divided, evergreen or deciduous leaves (fronds) arising from slender, horizontal rhizomes (underground stems) or stout, ascending rootstalks.

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  • Article

    Fertilizer

    Fertilizers are natural or synthetic materials that are used to supply essential nutrients for PLANT growth. Plants require 16 nutrients for growth. Carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) are taken up from the atmosphere and as water.

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  • Article

    Fiddleheads

    The term fiddlehead is used to refer to plants in 3 ways: (1) the young curled leaf of any fern; (2) the ostrich fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris of the Aspidaceae family); and (3) the young curled leaf of the ostrich fern used as a vegetable (often called fiddlehead greens). 

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  • Article

    Field Corn

    Field corn (Zea mays) is a spring-sown annual belonging to the grass family (Gramineae). Native to North America, Indian corn, or maize, has diverged so radically from its ancestral species that these forerunners cannot be identified with certainty. 

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  • Article

    Fin Whale

    The fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) is the second-largest animal on Earth. It is built to move through water at fascinating speeds, rarely breaches the surface for humans to witness and is known for the unique colouring on its lower jaw. In Canada, this baleen creature, also known as the finback whale, was brought to near extinction through 20th-century whaling practices. However, they have made a slow comeback since commercial whaling ended in the 1970s. Nowadays, fin whales are found on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts in Canada, as well as all over the world.

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