Browse "Nature & Geography"

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Article

Droughts in Canada

Drought is the condition of critically low water supply caused by persistently below-normal precipitation. Drought begins with decreased soil moisture as well as surface and underground water supplies that, in turn, lead to suppressed plant growth and restrictions in the use of surface and underground water supplies for domestic, municipal, agricultural and industrial purposes.
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Editorial

Drought in Palliser's Triangle

The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.
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Article

Drumlin

Drumlins are smooth, half-egg-shaped or ellipsoidal hills which formed beneath Quaternary Glaciers. Drumlins [Gaelic druim, "hill"] were first described in Ireland. They lie parallel to the direction of ice movement, the blunt (stoss) end facing up-glacier, the lee sloping down-glacier. Drumlins may be up to 50 m high and several kilometres long, with an average length-to-width ratio of 2:1 to 3:1. Highly elongated drumlins are often called drumlinoids. Drumlins occur in broad fields or swarms, up-glacier from major end Moraines in Europe and North America. Swarms of several thousands occur in Nova Scotia, southern Ontario and the Thelon Plain of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut; smaller groups occur in most other provinces.
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Article

Dry Bean

Common bean refers to both bean plants grown solely for immature fleshy pods (garden or green bean) and those grown for dry seeds (dry bean).
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Article

Dry Fishery

That portion of the Newfoundland cod fishery in which the split and cleaned product was salted and dried on shore before being transported and sold was called the dry fishery.
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Article

Ducks in Canada

Waterfowl with short legs, webbed feet and narrow, pointed wings are known as ducks. A few island species are flightless, but most are strong fliers and migratory (see migration). A race of the common eider (Somateria mollissima) of Hudson and James bays is nearly sedentary, even wintering in Hudson Bay. Ducks, geese and swans comprise a family (Anatidae) with 158 living or recently extinct species. Ducks have worldwide distribution, except for polar regions.
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Article

Ducks Unlimited Canada

Ducks Unlimited Canada (DUC) is a private, nonprofit organization dedicated to conserving, restoring and managing wetlands and their associated habitats for North America's waterfowl, other wildlife and people.
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Article

Eagle

A large bird of prey, the eagle (family Accipitridae) has exceptionally keen vision, long, powerful wings, a hooked bill and strong feet with sharp curved talons.
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Article

Earthquake

An earthquake is a vibratory motion generated from the movement of rock along a fault line beneath the Earth’s surface. More than 4,000 earthquakes occur in Canada every year, though the majority of these are not felt. The principal regions for seismic activity in Canada are: the coast of British Columbia; the Cordillera region; the Arctic; and to a lesser extent, the eastern provinces and the eastern seaboard.
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Article

Earthworm

Earthworm, is a segmented worm of phylum Annelida, class Oligochaeta. The class comprises some 14 families, including Lumbricidae, to which the common earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) belongs. Earthworms are separated from other oligochaetes by a combination of characteristics, including 8 setae per segment; multicellular clitellum; small eggs without yolks; 2 pairs of testes and one pair of ovaries; male pores opening behind female; and relatively large size, compared to aquatic species.
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Article

Eastern Foxsnake

The Eastern foxsnake (Pantherophis vulpinus) is a large, non-venomous snake native to the Great Lakes region of North America. Their Canadian range is limited to Southern Ontario in two distinct populations: the Georgian Bay population and the Carolinian population in extreme southwestern Ontario. Both of these populations are considered threatened by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Threats include habitat loss, road mortalities and persecution from humans. (See also Snake Species in Canada.)
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Article

Eastern Newt

The eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) is a colourful salamander native to eastern North America. It has a large geographic range that extends from eastern Canada south throughout most of the eastern United States, making it the second-most widespread salamander species in North America. Four subspecies are recognized across its range, two of which are found in Canada: the red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens; PEI, NS, NB, QC, ON) and the central newt (Notophthalmus viridescens louisianensis; ON).
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Article

Eastman Bus Crash

Canada’s second deadliest road disaster was a single-vehicle bus crash that killed 40 people near Eastman, Quebec on 4 August 1978.
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Article

Echinodermata

Echinodermata [Gk "spiny skin"], phylum of exclusively marine invertebrate animals. The 6000 known species occur from shores to greatest depths of all oceans.
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Article

Ecosystem

A limited space within which living beings interact with nonliving matter at a high level of interdependence to form an environmental unit is called an ecosystem.
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