Browse "Politics & Law"
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Reconciliation in Canada (Plain-Language Summary)
The word reconciliation is used a lot in Canada. It is closely tied with Indigenous peoples. Indigenous peoples were harmed in many ways in the past. Children were abused in residential schools. Their languages and cultures were taken from them (see Genocide and Indigenous Peoples in Canada). The key goal of reconciliation is to heal the wounds of the past and make reparations for these wounds. Reconciliation also includes making a better future. In Canada, the process of reconciliation has only recently started. The process will continue for a long time. This article is a plain-language summary of Reconciliation in Canada. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry, Reconciliation in Canada.
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Reform Movement in Upper Canada
After the War of 1812, Upper Canada began to develop rapidly. This resulted in social and economic tensions and political issues. These included the expulsion of Robert Gourlay, the Alien Question, the Anglican monopoly of the Clergy Reserves and education, and Tory control of patronage.
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Régis Labeaume
Régis Labeaume, mining executive, businessman, politician, 37th mayor of Quebec City (2007-2021), born 2 May 1956 in Roberval, QC). During his leadership of Quebec City, Labeaume attracted businesses and high-profile entertainers to his city, but he did not succeed in bringing back a coveted National Hockey League franchise.
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Richard J. Doyle
Richard James “Dic” Doyle, OC, newspaper editor, journalist, senator (born 10 March 1923 in Toronto, ON; died 9 April 2003 in Toronto, ON). Richard J. Doyle was editor of the Globe and Mail from 1963 to 1983 (see Newspapers in Canada). He served in the Senate of Canada from 1985 to 1998.
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Richard Gwyn
Richard John Philip Jermy Gwyn, OC, journalist, author, bureaucrat (born 26 May 1934 in Bury St. Edmunds, England; died 15 August 2020 in Toronto, ON). Richard Gwyn was one of Canada’s preeminent political analysts. He spent 30 years as a columnist with the Toronto Star, winning two National Newspapers Awards and a National Magazine Award. He was a regular panelist on public affairs programs and published several award-winning books, including definitive biographies of Joey Smallwood, Pierre Trudeau and Sir John A. Macdonald. Gwyn was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2002 and served as Chancellor of St. Jerome’s University at the University of Waterloo from 2002 to 2007.
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Richard M. Ivey
Richard (Dick) Macauley Ivey, CC, QC, lawyer, businessperson and philanthropist (born 26 October 1925 in London, ON; died 28 December 2019 in Toronto, ON). Richard M. Ivey had a long career as a corporate lawyer and business executive, but he is best known for his philanthropy. Working through his family’s Ivey Foundation, he supported education, medicine and the arts, in particular. The name of the world-renowned Ivey Business School at Western University recognizes his and his family members’ contributions to the university.
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Rob Ford
Robert Bruce Ford, municipal politician, mayor of Toronto 2010–2014 (born 28 May 1969 in Etobicoke, ON; died 22 March 2016 in Toronto, ON).
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Macleans
Robert Bourassa (Obituary)
This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on October 14, 1996. Partner content is not updated. For Bourassa, the battle ended at 5:45 last Wednesday morning in a room on the eighth floor of the midtown Montreal hospital where he had been under care since August.
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Robert Jameson
Robert Sympson Jameson (born 5 June 1796 in Harbridge, United Kingdom; died 1 August 1854 in Toronto, Ontario), lawyer and politician. Robert Jameson was the last British-appointed attorney general of Upper Canada (1833–37) and the first speaker of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada (1841–43).
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Robert Silverman (Bicycle Bob)
Robert Silverman (a.k.a. Bicycle Bob), cycling enthusiast, activist (born 30 November 1933 in Montreal, QC; died 20 February 2022 in Sainte-Agathe-des-Monts, QC). Silverman is recognized for his efforts to promote cycling as a primary means of transportation in Montreal (see Bicycling). Popularly known for his theatrical protest methods, he also aimed to develop and improve safe cycling infrastructure (see Active Citizenship; Political Protest). Silverman co-founded the cycling safety and advocacy group Le Monde à bicyclette and is credited with having laid the social and cultural foundation for Montreal’s extensive bike lane network and general bicycle-friendly atmosphere.
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Bob White
Robert White, OC, labour leader (born 28 April 1935 in Upper Lands, Northern Ireland; died 19 February 2017 in Kincardine, ON). Among his many achievements as a union organizer, White was the founding president of the Canadian Auto Workers union. His autobiography, Hard Bargains: My Life on the Line, was published in 1987.
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Roberta Jamieson
Roberta Louise Jamieson, OC, Kanyen'kehà:ka (Mohawk) lawyer, ombudsman, Six Nations chief, policy advisor, senior mediator, businesswoman (born in 1953 at Six Nations of the Grand River Territory near Brantford, ON). Jamieson was the first Indigenous woman in Canada to earn a law degree (1976); first non-Parliamentarian appointed to a House of Commons committee (1982); first woman appointed ombudsman in Ontario (1989); and first woman elected as Six Nations chief (2001).
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Roméo Dallaire
Roméo Antonius Dallaire, OC, CMM, GOQ, soldier, peace advocate, humanitarian, senator 2005–14 (born 25 June 1946 in Denekamp, the Netherlands). Roméo Dallaire served with distinction in the Canadian Armed Forces. In 1994, he led the United Nations’ peacekeeping mission in Rwanda and witnessed the genocide there. He was so affected by it that he became a global advocate for victims of war and conflict. His account of the Rwandan genocide, Shake Hands With the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003) won the Governor General's Literary Award for Non-Fiction. Dallaire was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2002 and a Grand officier of the Ordre national du Québec in 2005. He also served in the Senate of Canada from 2005 until 2014. He was inducted into Canada’s Walk of Fame in 2021.
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Romeo Saganash
Romeo Saganash, lawyer, politician, advocate for Indigenous rights (born 28 October 1962 in Waswanipi, a Cree community southeast of James Bay in central Quebec). Saganash is Quebec’s first Indigenous Member of Parliament and the province’s first Cree person to receive an undergraduate law degree. He is believed to be the first Indigenous leader in Canada to run for the leadership of a major political party. For the last 20 years, Saganash has represented the Cree at numerous national and international forums concerning Indigenous issues. He spent 23 years helping to negotiate the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples — a resolution that provides a framework to implement treaty rights between First Peoples and Canada and to fulfill other obligations in international agreements. He has spent his life furthering the economic, environmental, legal and constitutional rights of Indigenous peoples in Canada, particularly the Cree in the James Bay region.
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Rosemarie Kuptana
Rosemarie Kuptana (sometimes Rosemary), OC, Inuit broadcaster, author, rights activist, and former president of Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (born 24 March 1954 near the Prince of Wales Strait, NT).
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